Swot Matrix - 1428 Words

ATW393E Tutorial Exercise Group: F4 Chan Kean Sam (100235) Kong Feng Pei (100309) Wong Kit Wah (100437) Zhao Yu (103247) ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Exercise 5 * SWOT Matrix SWOT analysis, or SWOT Matrix model is a useful method to analyze the competitive level of a company. When we want to analyze an internal environment of an organizational, we have to identify its strength (what an organization best in) and weaknesses (what an organization weak in). While, to analyze the external environment of a company, we have to identify it opportunities (potential favorable conditions for an organization) and threats (potential†¦show more content†¦The directional vector represents the strategies to be pursued. (http://www.mba-tutorials.com/strategy/1151-strategic-position-and-action-evaluation-space-matrix.html) The following is the SPACE Matrix analysis for HP Corporation: INTERNAL STRATEGY POSITION | EXTERNAL STRATEGY POSITION | Competitive Advantage | Industry Strength | Customers preferences Product life cycle Market shares Product quality Technology innovation | -4-3-2-4-3 | ProductivityFinancial stabilityGrowth potentialProfit potentialResource availability | 65555 | Average | -3.2 | Average | 5.2 | Total X-axis score = 2.0 | | INTERNAL STRATEGY POSITION | EXTERNAL STRATEGY POSITION | | Financial Strength | Environmental Stability | Return on investmentFinancial operating LeverageLiquidity Cash flowWorking Capital | 55564 | Competitive pressure Inflation rate Demand elasticity Price range of competitorBarriers to entry | -3-5-5-3-2 | Average | 5.0 | Average | -3.6 | Total Y-axis score = 1.4 | From the table above, we get the total x axis score from average competitive advantage and industry strength as well as the total y axis score from average financial strength and environmental stability. Then, we drew these data into the graph as follow:Show MoreRelatedStrategic Alternatives Matrix : Swot Analysis898 Words   |  4 PagesThe TOWS strategic alternatives matrix utilizes those factors identified in the SWOT analysis in order to analyze the organization from a different perspective. There are four types of strategies associated with the TOWS analysis: ââ€"  The SO (Maxi-Maxi) Strategy: strategy that uses internal strengths to take advantage of external opportunities. ââ€"  The WO (Mini-Maxi) Strategy: strategy that uses external opportunities to minimize weaknesses. ââ€"  The ST (Maxi-Mini) Strategy: strategy that uses strengthsRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Matrix1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe TOWS matrix, below, utilizes the external opportunities and threats facing a company and matches them up to the internal strengths and weaknesses, to give the company four possible strategic alternatives (Hunger, Wheelen, 2011, p. 77). As discussed previously, a major concern for Starbucks is their need for growth in foreign markets, and their education of the foreign markets, needs wants and expectations. According to the TOWS matrix, an alternative Strength Opportunity (SO) Strategy is toRead MoreThe Tows Matrix : Swot Analysis942 Words   |  4 PagesThe tows matrix explains what the SWOT of Nike today. In this graph of SWOT matrix, we would like to explore what is possible for us to do in dealing with those elements in the business, externally and internally. Simply said, external comes from opportunities and threats, while internal comes from strengths and weaknesses of Nike. Corporate and Business Strategies Corporate strategy is the overall scope and direction of an organization. It indicates how managers are adding value to the businessRead MoreSwot Analysis : Bcg Matrix1565 Words   |  7 PagesPlanning Techniques Below is a description of two planning techniques. The first one is BCG matrix followed by SPACE matrix. BCG matrix This matrix’s name stands for Boston Consulting Group and it’s a framework, which is used as a planning tool that helps organisations evaluating the strategic position of the business’ brand portfolio and their potentials. It classifies business portfolio into four categories based on industry attractiveness and competitive position. The BCG matrix’s purpose isRead More SWOT, PEST, Product Lifecycle, Boston Matrix and the Ansoff Matrix: Marketing Models Analysis3148 Words   |  13 PagesSWOT, PEST, Product Lifecycle, Boston Matrix and the Ansoff Matrix: Marketing Models Analysis Marketing strategies/models In this objective I will be analysing the different marketing models and evaluating their reliability. The marketing models I will evaluate will be SWOT and PEST analysis, the product life cycle, the Boston Matrix and the Ansoff Matrix. SWOT and PEST analysis In the previous objective, I analysed SWOT and PEST of Cadbury. These enabled me to gain insight intoRead MoreSwot Matrix for Compass Group Essay examples926 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT The SWOT analysis is used to evaluate the strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats involved with a company. The purpose of the SWOT analysis is to make upper management more aware of factors that may or may not affect their business. Though a SWOT analysis can give a company ideas on how to make their company better it can also lead then down the wrong path if done wrong. A SWOT analysis is based on the perceptions and knowledge of other people so if their perception of the companyRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Ansoff s Matrix For Mercure Hotel Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ansoff Product-Growth Matrix as a marketing tool is used to analyses alternative corporate growth strategies, concentrating on the hotel’s present and possible products and markets. It evaluates ways to grow by exploring the existing products as well as new products. In existing markets and new markets, there exist four likely product-market combinations (Cohen 2013). Ansoff s matrix for Mercure Hotel offers four different growth strategies: Market Penetration - the hotel pursue to attain growthRead MoreEvaluating A New Imc Plan Through The Utilization Of The Swot Matrix2943 Words   |  12 Pagesfirms in this industry have been forced to keep up with the market development, mostly through marketing strategies. This paper will look at the current IMC plan and the basis for the need to implement a new IMC plan through the utilization of the SWOT matrix. The following elements will be analysed to develop the creative plan: budget allocation and product and marketing mix. 2. Juhasz Associates: History Juhasz Associates is among the leading companies in Australia in the real estate and constructionRead MoreBcg Matrix1487 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is BCG matrix? The BCG matrix is a chart that had been created by Bruce Henderson for the Boston Consulting Group in 1968 to help corporations with analyzing their business units or product lines. This helps the company allocate resources and is used as an analytical tool in brand marketing, product management, strategic management, and portfolio analysis. Analysis of market performance by firms using its principles has called its usefulness into question, and it has been removed from some majorRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Modern Enterprise Management And Planning1458 Words   |  6 Pagesand planning, SWOT analysis is a widely known diagnostic tool. Generally SWOT analysis is used to identify the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the enterprise itself, and then combine the company s strategy with the internal resources and external environment. In fact, it is a systematic framework which helps managers to build organization strategies and market planning. However, Some findings from Menon (1999) and Hill and Westbrook (1997) have suggested that SWOT may harm performance

The Law Enforcement Profession Essay - 1712 Words

The Law Enforcement Profession Abstract In order to understand comptemporary law enforcemment, we should recognize the conditions that impact our profession. It is agreed upon by many scholars that major changes in law enforcement occur every five years. Policing is sometimes characterize... like a sandbar in a river, subject to being changed continuously by the currents in which it is immersed... (Swanson, Territo and Taylor, p. 2). However, in recent years some major changes have occurred in a shorter time period. Innovations in law enforcement During the past two decades, I have observed major changes in the viewpoint of society towards police officers as the symbol of trust and dignity, the technological advances of†¦show more content†¦The results of an investigation disclosed that the McDuffies death may have been caused by police instead of an accident. After being indicted and found not guilty by an all white jury, riots broke out in black neighborhoods, especially Liberty City resulting in arson and looting that left 18 persons dead and more than 300 injured. This catastrophe forced the Miami Police Department to reexamine and revise their use of force policies and procedures (CQ Researcher, p. 645). The Jeffrey L. Dahmer Case characterize a situation when the police fail to properly handle a call of a suspicous nature. Dahmer was charged with murdering at least 15 young males. On May 27, 1993, two Milwaukee citizens reported a naked young male in the middle of the street bleeding and unable to stand. The boy name was Konerak Sinthasomphone, a 14 year of laotain boy. Dahmer was able to persuade the officer that the boy was a live in lover. The boy was later slain by Dahmer in his apartment after the officers left the scene. A storm of portest came from the minority and homosexual communities accused the officers of displaying racial prejudice. The officers were also criticized for dismissing the incident as a boyfriend-boyfriend thing (CQ Researcher, p. 637). One of the most celebrated cases in recent times was the beating of a black motorist by several white police officers in Los Angeles. It stirred nationwide concern about police brutality. On March 3, 1991, Rodney GlenShow MoreRelatedTransactional Approach For Transactional Leadership1140 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipation and contribution. Employee turnover is one of the most difficult tasks for law enforcement to grasp and conquer (Bowman, Carlson, Colvin, Green, 2006). There must be something that drives individuals to excel and stay invested in their work. Bowman et. al, (2006) discussed individual motivators as ways to minimize employee turnover and improve job satisfaction. As leaders within law enforcement we must look into the equity theory of motivation, which simplified is an individual’s viewRead MoreLaw Enforcement Education And Training1703 Words   |  7 PagesLaw Enforcement Education and Training in the 21st Century and its Relation to Police Professionalization There is a great debate over the question of whether American law enforcement has achieved the status of a profession. In order to answer this question, there is a need to define what a profession is and identify the requisite attributes that qualifies an occupation to be identified as a profession. Criminal justice administrators have been actively pursuing professionalization for their chosenRead MoreImplementing The President s Task Force On 21st Century Policing Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagesreleased the final report on May 18, 2015 (Final report of the resident’s task force on 21st century policing, 2015). Society in general have showed the distrust, protests and many questions for the like hood of the police profession. The reputation of the police profession is that of the 6 pillars of policing in the modern world as outlined by the President’s Task Force on the 21st Century Policing, which sought to recommend steps forward. Under the banners of ‘Building Trust and Legitimacy’, ‘PolicyRead MoreCase Study Term 2 Unit 4 Assignment750 Words   |  3 Pagescommission of their duties. Law enforcement, correctional system and legal system are a few of the criminal justice professions that are entrusted by the government with the powers to protect and serve the citizens of the country. Law enforcement officer’s role is public safety, which can officially be broken down in different functions, enforcing the law, keeping the peace and protection of life and property. In carrying out the function law enforcement officer have to exerciseRead MoreLaw Enforcement Officers Face Incredible Dangers Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesLaw enforcement officers have encountered some very deadly days. The life of a law enforcement officer is one of constantly being aware of your surroundings, dealing with the uncertainty of not knowing the individuals you have to approach, and being able to cope with the visual images seen after vicious crimes. The life of a law enforcement officer, who protects and serves, is both challenging and rewarding. The first law enforcement system was established in Boston, Massachusetts over 350 yearsRead MoreEssay about Police Professionalism and Responsibility1363 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONALISM AND RESPONSIBILITIES American Military University April Marshall CMRJ201 Criminal Justice Administration Final– Research Paper Professor Charles Russo Abstract The purposes of this paper are identity and explan in depth history of Law Enforcement professionalism and responsibilities. The analytical content and data collected for this paper was obtained from a literature review of peer reviewed scholarly articles within the American MilitaryRead MoreIs It Necessary For Law Enforcement?1707 Words   |  7 Pagesfor law enforcement to actually have the trust of the public, or is just their approval that is needed? Clearly, riots indicate a large-scale breakdown in civil order, and can be seen as a glaring collapse of society. While this type of public unrest may not always be focused directly on police conduct, it inescapably is the job of the police to balance the right of free assembly against the reality of destruction such anger can impact. Without the approval and cooperation of the public, law enforcementRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of a Police Officer Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ethical Dilemma of a Police Officer Professions are guided by codes of ethics to aid them in performance of their duties and to ensure maintenance of high standards of conduct. Police officers are faced with a maze of obligations in the performance of their official duties. The â€Å"Law Enforcement Code of Ethics† and â€Å"Canons of Police Ethics† were created to make explicit the conduct considered appropriate for police officers and to guide them in the performance of their duties. Although policeRead MoreEthics766 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Dilemma Walter Thibodeaux CJA 474 May 21, 2012 Evan Cohen Ethical Dilemma Individuals face many challenges when entering into new employment or profession. The new job’s culture is not quickly learned; therefore, one has to observe and take notes on his or her new job’s way of doing things and adapt. In this ethical dilemma, a police officer has just transferred to a new department. In his transition to the new department, the officer witnesses another officer violating theRead MoreThe Moral Makeup Of Ethics Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesIn every profession, ethics plays an integral role. It is the moral makeup that dictates an individual’s behaviors, values, and principles (Banks, 2012). When confronted with a dilemma, one’s ethics will determine what decision they make. Depending whether the choice is ethical, they may be graciously rewarded, or face dire consequences. However, ethics is often never that transparent. The morally right choice may be the unfavorable one, while the unethical choice is advantageous. Des pite the

Introduction. I. Did You Know That The Longer You Expose

Introduction I. Did you know that the longer you expose your brain to your smart phone, tablet, or computer the more it begins to think like a brain that is addicted to heroin? II. Dr. Nicholas Kadaras, executive director of the Dunes East Hampton, one of the best rehabilitation centers in the United States and a former clinical professor at Stony Brook Medicine, has found that his patients who are addicted to technology show some of the same personality symptoms as drug addicts. III. Through research on the effects of technology on the human brain, I discovered some of the implications of our exposure to technology. As the aunt of three small children, ages six, three, and two, I noticed differences in their personalities that I hadn’t†¦show more content†¦1. Our brains are constantly developing and with technology developing almost just as rapidly, we should be cautious of the amount of time we spend tuned in to our devices. 2. Technology is the culprit of a new wave of mental disorders that are developed after birth. Dr. Larry D. Rosen is a professor emeritus and is a former chair of the Department of Psychology at California State University in Dominguez Hills, California and is also an internationally acclaimed expert on how technology affects the mind. Dr. Rosen lists that symptoms of an iDisorder are changes in the way our brains process information and our abilities to connect to our environment. C. Lastly, technology has a profound effect on our senses. 1. Dr. O.D. Sikes, professional optometrist and chairman of the North Carolina State Optometric Society Para-Optometric Education Committee, states that twenty-eight percent of people spend ten or more hours a day in front of a digital device and that this amount of exposure can lead to digital eye strain. 2. Technology’s connection to our brains has affected our reflexes. There have been instances where people have found themselves trying to pinch-enlarge people from a distance in real life. (Now since we know how technology affects out impulses, let’s look at how it affects our ability to socialize.) II. Technology has hindered our ability to learn efficiently and communicate properly. A. First, learningShow MoreRelatedSermon At The Word Of Faith Christian Church Delivered By Pastor Julius Stephens973 Words   |  4 PagesOn Tuesday, November 26, I critically listened to a sermon at The Word of Faith Christian Church delivered by Pastor Julius Stephens. It was a regular Tuesday bible study with about eight people. Pastor Stephens s topic for the day was everybody has a purpose. In this paper, I will critique Pastor Stephens s sermon based on its introduction, body, delivery, conclusion and finally my overall reaction to his speech. The reason for the speaker s sermon was to ensure his audience realizes their worthRead MoreGods Omnipotence Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesis omnipotent and wholly good, why does evil still exist? In this writing I will discuss the solutions/propositions of John L. Mackie in his work, Evil and Omnipotence. I will do this in order to illustrate the concept of free will for understanding or resolving the problem, and to reveal how and why Mackie arrives at his conclusions. In the beginning of Mackies work he writes a brief introduction to fully expose the problem of evil, and to set guidelines for determining whether or not theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel The Sun Also Rises 1272 Words   |  6 Pageswas consumed by world war I. the war upset many people’s beliefs in traditional values of love, faith and manhood. During the war those who worked in the war suffered great moral and psychological aimlessness. The unsuccessful looking for meaning in the wake of the Great War shapes the novel The Sun Also Rises. Although the characters rarely mention the war directly its effects haunts everything they do and say. Hemingway opens the novel with Gertrude Stein’s words, â€Å"you are the lost generation†Read MoreWhy I Write By George Orwell912 Words   |  4 Pages In George Orwell’s â€Å"Why I Write†, he explains the different motives rhetors have when writing books, essays, poems, etc. He explains where he falls on the spectrum of reasons for writing and how his motives have changed and transformed over the course of his lifetime. In the introduction of Orwell’s essay, he explains that he knew from a very young age that he was meant to be a writer, but that he chose to abandon that idea. In doing so, he felt that he was â€Å"outraging his true nature†. 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His vicious cough seems to show the progression of his illness throughout the play. The introduction of Tilden, Dodge’s son, is quite unusual; he enters the house with an armful of corn and drops it in frontRead MoreRace And Racial Profiling And Gender Issues On The Basis Of My Upbringing, Experience, And Social Media1206 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Spanish was my first language growing up but when I began to speak English my Spanish accent transpired. I was placed in bilingual classes to assist me in pronouncing English words. Recalling on those memories had me wonder if they were my first experience feeling different. It wasn’t until I got to middle school and high school that I became aware of race separation because students grouped culturally and linguistically. I was not well informed of the purpose of the L.A. riots untilRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society1280 Words   |  6 PagesIt occurred to me I was approaching the project in the wrong way. The only way to tell the story was as a black comedy, or better, a nightmare comedy, where the things you laugh at most are really the heart of the paradoxical postures that make a nuclear war possible† –Stanley Kubrick (Phillips, 97) Art and media are perhaps some of the best indicators at helping us better understand what political and social events were happening throughout history. We can look to them at pivotal times and gatherRead MoreInformative Speech Essay example1230 Words   |  5 Pagessuch a necessity in schools today, I will share how teen parenthood is being glorified, reasons for such an increase in teenage pregnancies, and how effective distributing contraceptives would be. INTRODUCTION I. Attention getter: (show slide of pregnant girls) How many of you have ever seen television shows like â€Å"16 and Pregnant†, â€Å"Teen Mom†, or â€Å"The Secret Life of an American Teenager†? II. Credibility statement: I am not a teen parent, but I have several friends who are and wentRead MoreSpeech - Technology Vs. Humanity1444 Words   |  6 PagesSpeech – Technology vs. Humanity. Introduction: Did you know that the average person spends at least four years of their life looking down at their cell phone? Kind of ironic don’t you think, how these touch screens can make us lose touch, but its no wonder in a world filled with IMacs, iPads and iPhones, so many I’s and so many selfies, but there is not enough us’ and we’s. You see, technology has made us more selfish and separate then ever, while they claim to connect us, connection has gotten

Socioeconomic Factors that Lure Individuals into Gangs

There are a variety of traditional socioeconomic factors that have an impact on an individuals choice to join a gang. These factors include a shifting labor market, poverty, disfunctional family, no or poor education, development of an underclass, and the enticement of what being a gang member offers the individual. The gang may offer the individual security, acceptance, and help just surviving. The basic needs an individual must fulfill was first addressed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1951. He proposed that a hierarchy of needs existed. This hierarchy of needs are five basic needs that have to be fulfilled. The first need is physiological. This is the basic survival needs such as shelter, food, and water. This need is usually met by the parents at birth and is maintained until the individual becomes an adult. Next comes the need for security and safety. This need is often found in a stable family environment. This environment provides the individual structure, freedom from fear s, and protection for the individual. The third need is to feel loved and like they belong. This is a basic need for all humans. When an individual does not feel as though they belong to a functional family or group, they will seek acceptance elsewhere, possibly in a gang. Next is the need for self esteem and confidence. An individual needs to feel confident, respected, and feel that they have a good reputation. Often individuals become members of a gang not only for theShow MoreRelatedWhy Juvenile Choose a Gang Lifestyle?1774 Words   |  8 PagesGangs have been in existence since the beginning of the Roman Empire. There were speeches made by Roman orator, Marcus Tullius Cicero, which references groups of men who constantly fought and disrupted Roman politics (Curry, 2013). The history of street gangs in the United States begins with their emergence on the East Coast around 1783, as the American Revolution ended. Though many believe the best available evidence suggests that th e more serious street gangs likely did not emerge until theRead MoreJuvenile Gangs2762 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Juvenile Gangs Introduction Juvenile street gangs are expanding, and evolving into crime that has not been linked to gangs in the past, according to the FBI. While they expand into white-collar type crimes like counterfeiting, identity theft and mortgage fraud, they also continue to be involved in illegal activities that they are more well known for, such as drug sales, recruiting new members, violent turf wars, and prostitution, the FBI reports. The number of active street gangs (including gangs inRead MoreWhat Are the Major Issues That Cause Inner City Youth to Join Gangs and Become Delinquent? Discuss Whether the New Labour Government’s Policies Have Been Effective in Solving These Issues?8138 Words   |  33 Pagesissues that cause inner city youth to join gangs and become delinquent? Discuss whether the New Labour Government’s policies have been effective in solving these issues? 2010 Project by: Alice Mutumba Student No: 05038460 CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Summary The perception that gang culture in relation to youth crime is growing in the UK is intensified by the media, it is very rare to read a daily paper these days without coming across some mention of gang related crime. In order to understandRead MoreThe Impact of Management Information System in Banking and Its Efficiency5000 Words   |  20 Pagesoccupation. Proponents of this view believe that prostitution is a manifestation of the violence of men against women. Accordingly, women do not rationally and freely enter prostitution but are led into this condition by social, political and economical factors. As a result of this view of prostitution, we feel empathy for the victims, the prostitutes themselves, and we seek their decriminalization, along with the prosecution of the johns and pimps who are responsible for the exploitation of the women. AnotherRead MoreDate Rape in the Philippines11669 Words   |  47 Pagesand Control rape claims ninety percent of rapes are never reported. In those that are reported, sixty percent knew their assailants. Of these, women fifteen to twenty-five are majority of the victims. Alcohol and drugs sometimes play a significant factor, especially in date rape or acquaintance rape cases (Mousseau, 2006). In the Philippines rape is very apparent as well, the article of Tolià ±o-Mendoza presents the Philippine national police statistics for the year 2009. â€Å"A total of 3,159 rape casesRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagessites like Twitter that Iranian activists could raise the alert as to possible discrepancies in the re-election of President Ahmadinejad. †¢ When the media has so many other motives, it can hardly be relied on to provide reliable information. The individual, on the other hand, has less hidden agendas. Mainstream GOOD: Use professional journalists (compared to citizen journalism) – content quality †¢ Citizen journalist â€Å"on-the ground† reports vs. professional whose sole purpose is to uncover eachRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 UnderstandingRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesfuture: the implications for marketing planning Approaches to environmental analysis and scanning Summary 5 Approaches to customer analysis 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Learning objectives Introduction Coming to terms with buyer behaviour Factors influencing consumer behaviour The buying decision process The rise of the new consumer and the implications for marketing planning Organizational buying behaviour The growth of relationship marketing Summary Appendix: The drivers of consumer changeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesEssential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and Individual Differences 21 Summary 23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON

Foreign Policy and Issues in US-French Relations

Question: Describe about the Foreign Policy and Issues in US-French Relations? Answer: Terrorism in United Kingdom and France In this part, first will discuss scope of the terrorism law in the United Kingdom and France that examine the definition of anti-terrorism law , to begin analysis how those law affect the right of the nation .In the European Courts of Human Rights (ECHR) there is no definition of terrorism. However, the ECHR has not developed one in their jurisprudence, and it has accepted a widely recognized definition of international has proved elusive[1] . As per the United Kingdom Terrorism Act 2000, section 1 defines terrorism as indulging in any action or threat that is aimed at intimidating the government or public or a section of it. Further, terrorism under the Application of the ECHR in the Domestic Systems accessed 11 March 2016 includes actions that fall within sub-section 2 which includes five offences that cause damage to individual, property and public[2]. The definition is broad that might be dangerously of terrorism, which applies to action to advance any racial ,political and relig ious causes designed influence the international organization or government of any state or to intimidate any member of the public in any place of the world. The existing definition does not provide clarity with regards to the act of insurgents or insurgents engaged in non-international armed conflict. In R. v Gul case, an appeal was filed in the court of appeal, by an appellant for dismissing his appeal, in which he was convicted for engaging in activities, which violate the Terrorism Act 2000. He had apparently engaged in disseminating terrorist publications by circulating videos of attacks of coalition forces with commentary. However, his appeal was dismissed since the broader definition and scope of terrorism was underlined by the court. Terrorism is a globally recognised crime, which has affected all the countries in the world in the recent times. Moreover, every country has come up with a suitable law to fight terrorism. In France , the French Code Penal (Criminal Code) defines terrorism in France as a series of listed activities like international homicide, kidnapping, assault, hijacking, theft, property destruction, membership in alleged illegal groups and activities, digital crimes, forgery and more, all carried out with the primary motive of distributing public order through terror. Preparing to commit an activity concerning terrorism or obtaining and keeping materials used in criminal activities also is an act of terrorism under the French law[3]. Therefore, unlike the terrorism laws in United Kingdom, which is governed under a separate Act, the terrorism laws in France are governed under the Criminal laws enacted in France. The United Kingdom definition of terrorism is much broader and included many more acti vities than the definition of the terrorism in France. In the case law P. E V France [U.N. Doc. A/58/44, at 135 (CAT 2002)], a young woman who was 30 years old was detained during a custom check in Paris and sentenced for 30 months imprisonment as she was suspected to be involved in a criminal activity, which would lead to terrorism. Thus, in France, the criminal laws govern terrorism case and the penalty for the same is set under the French criminal laws. In France, the criminal penalty for an offence increases f the activity relates to terrorism. France also has a separate domestic intelligence agency set to fight terrorism in France[4]. Reference List Belkin, Paul.France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy and Issues in US-French Relations. DIANE Publishing, 2012. Crelinsten, Ronald D., and Alex P. Schmid, eds.Western responses to terrorism. Routledge, 2012. Crenshaw, Martha, ed.Terrorism in context. Penn State Press, 2010. Kautsky, Karl.Terrorism and Communism: a contribution to the natural history of revolution. Routledge, 2012. [1]Crenshaw, Martha, ed.Terrorism in context. Penn State Press, 2010. [2]Crelinsten, Ronald D., and Alex P. Schmid, eds.Western responses to terrorism. Routledge, 2012. [3] Belkin, Paul.France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy and Issues in US-French Relations. DIANE Publishing, 2012. [4] Kautsky, Karl.Terrorism and Communism: a contribution to the natural history of revolution. Routledge, 2012.

Culture Event Texas State Arts and Craft Fair Essay Example For Students

Culture Event: Texas State Arts and Craft Fair Essay This was the time when was there, in the ass, it was like what imagine Woodstock would be, There was music, dancing smoking tot marijuana, and drinking. The festival is a gathering of many different cultures and still today they are gathering for the festival, and they are more family oriented now. By the sass attendance had grown to 25,000, The program included an eighteen-day schedule of eleven six-hour evening concerts, New Folk Concerts with forty writers, Folk Mass celebrations, six two-hour childrens concerts, and a four-day Festival of the Eagle honoring American Indians at a newly constructed and then expanded Treadmill Memorial Theater in the campgrounds (Rod Kennedy, 2013) (Para S). The humanities are distinguished from other modes of human inquiry and expression through academic disciplines. The academic disciplines research the human condition by way of methods that are mainly investigative, decisive, or hypothetical these ways are distinct from the use an experimental method, indicating confirmation or results that occur are capable Of being detected by the senses. The Servile Folk Festival can be compared to IP-hop/rap music. Both changed the culture of many people. Hip-hop music is somewhat Of a new class, and it dates back to 30 years ago. African music and oral traditions were brought by West African slaves to North and South America; where they developed into their own musical styles often starting with church music, but becoming popular over time in wider circles (Chris Curtis, 2011) (Para, 1). It is nice to see how culture changes throughout the different times.

To investigate the factors that affect the amount energy produced Essay Example

To investigate the factors that affect the amount energy produced Essay To investigate the factors that affect the amount energy produced in neutralisation reactions. The Aim of this investigation is to see how the dependant variable, the heat realised as a result of neutralisation reaction changes as one independent variable is changed, and to find why these changes occur. Only one variable will be changed. This is because if more than one is changed as well, we will not know which factor is responsible for the change. The variables are specified below, along with the one that I have decided to vary.VariablesThe following variables can be controlled during the experiment and will be the ones we can change in the investigation. The one that I have chosen is listed below. These variables are called independent variables, and will allow us to assess and investigate the effect on the heat released by neutralisation reactions.1. The concentration of the acid or the alkali in the reaction could be decided to be varied (I have used the term alkali rather than base, because the substance will already be dissolved in water which is the definition of an alkali). To carry this out, one would have to obtain acids or bases or both of varied concentration, by obtaining a fairly strong concentration, and then diluting it down to get varied concentrations.This procedure would be time consuming, and there would certainly be room for much error, as the concentration may not be measured out correctly, leading to inaccuracy. A general trend that would probably be seen is that, as the concentration goes up, so does the heat released by neutralisation. This is because there are more ions in a solution of a higher concentration. I have listed this variable as one, but it is really two different variables: one can either vary the concentration of the acid or that of the base.2.The effect caused by the volume of the reactants could also be investigated. To do this, one would merely have to repeat the procedure, but using different volumes of the reactants each time. This procedure would be simple and safe, but if the experiment is wished to be very accurate, you would have to use a pipette, which proves to be time consuming. A pattern that would be visible when the different volumes of acid and alkali are mixed is that, as the volume rises, the heat of neutralisation too would go up, because there are again more ions in the volume to be neutralised. The conditions for this theory are as follows: the different volumes must be of the same concentration, if they are not of the same concentration the results would not show the correct pattern as two variables would be being altered.3. If desired, it is also possible to vary the strength of the acid and/or base. By this, it is meant that a weak acid could be used, like Ethanoic acid, with a weak, and then strong alkali; the results could be compared to that which occurs when a strong acid is used with either alkali. The limitations of varying this factor are as follows: there is only one link between a strong and a weak acid, which is merely a scale called the pH scale. If this factor were investigated, we would obviously find that the combination of a strong acid and alkali would reproduce the highest energy rise. This is because the strong acids and alkalis dissociate to a higher degree, they split up completely into their composite ions. In weak acids, the degree of ionisation is less, and as a result of this, the number of ions in the solution is less, which prevents complete neutralisation.4. The type of acid or alkali could also be used as a variable. This process would be investigated by using different acids and alkalis, whether they are strong or weak. The results of each acid and alkali (strong and weak) would be compared. This variable could be put under the same category of varying the strength of the acid. This is because as different types of acids and alkalis are being used, the strength of those acids and alkalis would also be being varied in the pr ocess. The other factors of whether the acid is Monoprotic, Diprotic or Triprotic all come under this heading. Acids, which form one H+ ion from each acid molecule, are called Monoprotic. Acids which form two are called Diprotic. Acids, which form three, are called Triprotic.5. The last variable that could be used in the investigation is altering pressure of the acid and alkali. To do this, you would have to have an expensive, impractical piece of apparatus that would allow the pressure to be varied. The practical would be very difficult to perform and would be impractical. If you decided to use this procedure, you must also take safety precautions, because there is potential for the pressure container to either implode or explode. I believe that if the pressure were raised, there would not be much of a difference to the heat of neutralisation, unless it was raised fairly high which again is a limitation to this procedure. Another problem is that the equipment needed for this variab le is not easy to obtain, and therefore couldnt be used.Introduction:Neutralisation reactionsAcids and alkalis are defined as:An Acid:A substance that dissolves in water, producing H+ ions as the onlypositive ions.An acid is a substance, which contains hydrogen, which may be replaced by a metal to form a salt.Properties:They change moist litmus paper from blue to red.They are soluble in water.They are electrolytes.They also have a sour or sharp taste.Cautions:Some acids are poisonousMany acids are corrosive and thus dangerous. They burn flesh.Acids as proton donors:Acids produce hydrogen ions as the only positive ion. For example when hydrogen chloride dissolves in water the following process occurs.HCL(aq) H+ (aq) + CL- (aq)The hydrogen ion is sometimes called a proton. In water, the proton is combined with water as a result of the following process:HCL(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+ (aq) + CL (aq)H30+ is known as a hydroxonium ion.Hydrochloric acid has donated its protons to the water:H+ (aq ) + H2O (l) H30+ (aq)All acids are proton donors.Strong acids are fully ionized in water and are strong electrolytes. A strong acid produces a high concentration of H+ ions in a water solution. E.g. Hydrochloric acid. (HCl). Examples: sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. For instance, nitric acid:HNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)Weak acids are partially ionized in water and are weak electrolytes. Examples: Ethanoic acid. A weak acid: Produces a low concentration of H+ ions in a water solution. E.g. Ethanoic acid. (CH3CO2H)Common strong acids include:Hydrochloric acid (HCl)Nitric acid (HNO3)Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)Common weak acids include:Citric acid (H3C6H5O7)Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) (vinegar)Alkalis and BasesA soluble base is something which produces OH- ions in water.A Base is a substance, which will react with an acid to form a salt.A base is a proton acceptor.An alkali is a base, which is soluble in water.Properties:They change litmus paper from red to blue .They are electrolytes.In addition many alkalis have a soapy feel.All bases and alkalis, except ammonia, are metal oxides or metal hydroxides.CAUTION: Many alkalis may be corrosive and poisonous. Example: sodium hydroxide is often called caustic soda. Caustic means burning.A strong alkali:Produces a high concentration of OH- ions in a water solution. Eg. Sodium hydroxide. (NaOH)Strong alkalis are fully ionized in water and are strong electrolytes.Weak alkali:Weak alkalis are only partially ionized in water and are weak electrolytes. A weak alkali produces a low concentration of OH- ions in a water solution. E.g. Ammonia solution. (NH4OH)Bases as proton acceptors- when a base reacts with an acid to form a salt, it accepts. Example: magnesium oxide reacts with sulphuric acid to form magnesium sulphateMgO(s) + H2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + H20 (l)During this reaction the oxide ion, O2-, of the base accepts 2 protons H+ (O2- (s) + 2H+ (aq) H2O (l))Common strong alkalis include:Sodium hydrox ide (NaOH)Potassium hydroxide (KOH)Common weak alkalis include:Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)Aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3)Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)Hydroxide ions:When alkalis dissolve in water an alkaline solution is formed. Alkaline solutions contain hydroxide ions. Example solid sodium hydroxide produces hydroxide ions when added to water.NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH(aq)These hydroxide ions accept protons to form water in the reactions between acids and alkalis.H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (l)Neutralization reactionsAcids react with bases to form salts.Acid + Base salt + waterWhen aqueous solutions of an acid and a base are combined, a neutralisation reaction occurs. This reaction is characteristically very rapid and generally produces water and a salt. For a strong acid and a strong base in water, the neutralisation reaction is between the hydrogen and hydroxide ions dissolved in solution: H+ + OH- H2ONeutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base in such quantities that only th e salt + water are produced and no acid or base remain in the solution. When reacting both acid and alkali, both quantities must be as equal as possible, if a neutral solution is desired.Strong acids and strong bases completely break up, or dissociate, into their constituent ions when they dissolve in water. In the case of hydrochloric acid, hydrogen ions, H+, and chloride ions, Cl-, are formed. In the case of sodium hydroxide, sodium ions, Na+, and hydroxide ions, OH-, are formed. The hydrogen and hydroxide ions readily unite to form water. If the number of hydrogen ions in the hydrochloric acid solution is equal to the number of hydroxide ions in the sodium hydroxide solution, complete neutralisation occurs when the two solutions are mixed.Heat Involved in Chemical ReactionsThe reaction of neutralisation is of course an exothermic reaction. This means that heat is given out during the chemical change that occurs. Along with all neutralisation reactions, all combustion reactions ar e exothermic, as they of course give out heat. The reactions, which are accompanied by a drop in temperature, are known as endothermic reactions; these reactions take in heat. When using a value of measure to the amount of heat given out, the end result is given a negative value for the change in energy. This may seem a bit odd due to the fact that it is clear that an exothermic reaction emits heat. The reason for giving exothermic reactions a negative ?H value is because the energy held by the substance has decreased, conversely, in an endothermic reaction, the energy of the actual substance has risen because the energy is held in the bonds.The reason for heat being released from a reaction is because there are more bonds broken than are made, when bonds are broken, energy is taken in whereas the making of bonds leads to energy being produced. If the reaction is endothermic, there are obviously more bonds to be broken than have been made. It is also the case that stronger bonds tak e more energy to break than weaker bonds, and when stronger bonds are made, they release a greater amount of energy than when weaker bonds are created. Going by this, it is clear that every single reaction will have, to some degree, an energy change. Another factor discovered is that the amount of energy taken in by breaking bonds equals the amount of energy released through the creating of new bonds.The amount of energy taken in or released can be expressed in kilojoules or joules, the SI unit for energy. To make the investigation fair I will express my values per mole. The energy changes that occur in reactions can be shown using energy level diagrams. In these diagrams, energy goes on the y-axis, and the x-axis is labelled as the reaction process, which shows the progress of the reaction. These diagrams do not show any numerical values, they are only used to show trends of energy changes in exothermic and endothermic reaction. The enthalpy diagrams are shown below, for both endot hermic and exothermic reactionsThe equation used to work out the energy transferred is ENERGY (KJ)= S.H.C X MASS (in g) X temperature change (in Kelvin)Exothermic Reaction Endothermic ReactionProductsReactantsProducts ReactantsProgress Of reaction Progress Of reactionI have chosen to vary the type of the acid, for my investigation. I have decided that I am going to have a wide selection of different acids to investigate, but for the alkali, I am only going to have one weak and one strong one. I have chosen to vary the factor of type of acid, rather than volume or concentration (of either acid or alkali), because it would allow a simple and easy procedure. Another reason for choosing this variable is that it will allow a multitude of different combinations that will lead to clear-cut conclusions. The procedure for this variable is also somewhat less complex than most of the others. The acids that I will use for my experiments will be one molar values of sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitri c, Ethanoic, methanoic and citric acid. I will use one molar Sodium hydroxide for the course of the investigation.Preliminary experimentAim: to carry out the study on how the change in temperature of a neutralisation reaction is effect by the change in acid used in the reaction. I am going to use 6 different acids and 1 alkali for each experiment.Prediction: I predict that the stronger acids will produce a higher temperature rise because, first of all, they have no bonds to be broken; in solution they exist as their component ions, completely dissociated. It is known that the breaking of bonds causes energy to be taken in, and when bonds are made, energy is given out. Another reason for a stronger acid producing a higher value for the heat of neutralisation is because it has more free H+ ions. I have deduced this because it is known that in a strong acid, all of the molecules are dissociated into their component ions. When the strong acid is used to neutralise the alkali, a more vig orous reaction would occur as a result of there being more H+ ions in the solution to neutralise the OH- ions in the alkali to give out more heat.Apparatus:2* 100 ml beakers2* 500 ml beaker2 measuring cylindersThermometerStirring rodMethod:Collect the apparatus shown in the list above.Measure 25 ML of acid.Then place the acid in a measuring cylinder, to check if the volume is exactly 25 ml.Then collect 25ml of alkali, and do the same as the acid except in a different measuring cylinder.If the acid is Diprotic or Triprotic, and you are reacting it with a monoprotic alkali then you must use double or triple the volume of alkali in ratio to the amount of acid. This is to compensate for the extra H+ ions, which if not compensated for would result in an unfair experiment.Measure the temperature for both acid and alkali and note the value down.Then pour both into a beaker with the thermometer in the beaker as well.Record the temperature rise. Perform this experiment for the rest of the ac ids.Diagram for preliminary experimentResults of preliminary experimentSulphuricSodium Hydroxide20.020.032.012.0NitricSodium Hydroxide21.020.028.07.5HydrochloricSodium Hydroxide20.021.00.07.5EthanoicSodium Hydroxide20.021.027.06.5MethanoicSodium Hydroxide21.019.027.57.5CitricSodium Hydroxide20.021.027.06.5AcidAlkaliInitial Acid Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CInitial Alkali Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CFinal Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CTemp. Rise à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CConclusion of preliminary resultsThe preliminary experiment performed was fairly well done, but there are several minor adjustments that could be made for when doing the real thing. Firstly, instead of using a beaker to mix the acid and alkali, a polystyrene cup could be used instead. This would stop energy being lost in the form of heat, to the surroundings. Also a lid would be placed on the polystyrene cup when reacting the acid and alkali to prevent further heat loss. I believe these are the only adjustments that need to be made for the real experiment. Th e prediction made was justified in the results processed, as the stronger acids produced a higher temperature rise due to the fact that, first of all, they have no bonds to be broken; in solution they exist as their component ions, completely dissociated. It is known that the breaking of bonds causes energy to be taken in, and when bonds are made, energy is given out. Another reason for a stronger acid producing a higher value for the heat of neutralisation is because it has more free H+ ions. I have deduced this because it is known that in a strong acid, all of the molecules are dissociated into their component ions. When the strong acid is used to neutralise the alkali, a more vigorous reaction would occur as a result of there being more H+ ions in the solution to neutralise the OH- ions in the alkali to give out more heat. For sulphuric acid there was a temperature change of 12*C, which was expected as it is a strong acid. However, for hydrochloric and nitric acid the temperature change was not as significant as expected. This could be due to wrong amounts of volume being mixed and more care will be taken when doing the actual experiment, to make sure equal amounts of volume are used. To avoid anomalous results the experiment could be repeated and I will do this in the real thing.Actual ExperimentAim: to carry out the study on how the change in temperature of a neutralisation reaction is effect by the change in acid used in the reaction. I am going to use 6 different acids and 1 alkali for the whole investigation, all with a concentration of one molar.Prediction: I predict that the stronger acids will produce a higher temperature rise because, first of all, they have no bonds to be broken; in solution they exist as their component ions, completely dissociated. It is known that the breaking of bonds causes energy to be taken in, and when bonds are made, energy is given out. Another reason for a stronger acid producing a higher value for the heat of neutralis ation is because it has more free H+ ions. I have deduced this because it is known that in a strong acid, all of the molecules are dissociated into their component ions. When the strong acid is used to neutralise the alkali, a more vigorous reaction would occur as a result of there being more H+ ions in the solution to neutralise the OH- ions in the alkali to give out more heat.Apparatus:2* 100 ml beakers1* 500 ml beaker2 measuring cylinders2 ThermometersStirring rodPolystyrene cup and lidMethod:Collect the apparatus shown in the list above.Measure 25 ML of acid.Then place the acid in a measuring cylinder, to check if the volume is exactly 25 ml.Then collect 25ml of alkali, and do the same as the acid except in a different measuring cylinder.If the acid is Diprotic or Triprotic, and you are reacting it with a Monoprotic alkali then you must use double or triple the volume of alkali in ratio to the amount of acid. This is to compensate for the extra H+ ions, which if not compensated for would result in an unfair experiment.Measure the temperature for both acid and alkali and note the value down.Then pour both into a beaker with the thermometer in the polystyrene cup as well and seal the cup with the lid quickly and carefully.Record the temperature rise and perform the experiment two more times. Perform this experiment for the rest of the acids, remembering to repeat it 3 times altogether for each acid.Results for main experimentAcidAlkaliInitial Acid Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CInitial Alkali Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CFinal Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CAverage Acid Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CAverage Alkali Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CAverage Initial Temp. Of Acid + Alkali à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CAverage of Final Temp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CTemp. Rise à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C123123123SulphuricSodium Hydroxide21.020.020.022.020.021.032.031.032.020.321.020.731.711.0NitricSodium Hydroxide21.021.021.021.021.021.028.028.028.021.021.021.028.07.0HydrochloricSodium Hydroxide19.019.019.019.020.019.028.027.028.019.019.319.227.78.5EthanoicSodium Hydroxide20.020.020.021.021.020.027.027.027.020.020.720.327.06.7MethanoicSodium Hydroxide19.018.019.020.020.021.027.026.025.018.720.319.526.06.5CitricSodium Hydroxide19.019.019.019.019.019.028.028.028.019.019.019.028.09.0AnalysisAs I predicted for the actual experiments results, the stronger acids reacted to give a bigger temperature than compared to the weaker acids. However, this was not the case for all of the acids used. Citric acid gave a very high reading of temperature change when it is known that it isnt a very strong acid when compared with HCL and Nitric acid. But one should also take into account of the high volume citric acid used in reacting with the sodium hydroxide, as 75 cm(squared) of the citric acid were used to compensate for the fact that it is a Triprotic acid, as if the acid is Diprotic or Triprotic, and you are reacting it with a Monoprotic alkali (sodium hydroxide one molar in this case) then you must use double or triple the volume of alkali in ratio to the amount of acid. This is to compensate for the extra H+ ions, which if not compensated for would result in an unfair experiment.The temperature change for sulphuric acid was recorded as being high, as was expected. As predicted the stronger acids gave higher temperature changes. This is due to the fact that stronger acids produce a higher temperature rise because, first of all, they have no bonds to be broken; in solution they exist as their component ions, completely dissociated. It is known that the breaking of bonds causes energy to be taken in, and when bonds are made, energy is given out. Another reason for a stronger acid producing a higher value for the heat of neutralisation is because it has more free H+ ions. I have deduced this because it is known that in a strong acid, all of the molecules are dissociated into their component ions. When the strong acid is used to neutralise the alkali, a more vigorous reaction would occur as a result of there being more H+ ions in the so lution to neutralise the OH- ions in the alkali to give out more heat.To aid my evaluation of my results I have calculated the enthalpy changes for each of the acids used. I will compare these results with the change in kelvin results.AcidAverage temperature change/KelvinSpecific Heat CapacityMass/grams (including alkali)Energy change in JoulesSulphuric11.04.250.02310.0Nitric7.04.250.01470.0Hydrochloric8.54.250.01785.0Ethanoic6.74.250.01407.0Methanoic6.54.250.01365.0Citric9.04.2100.03780.0Change in Joules GraphChange in Kelvin results graphFurther AnalysisThe graphs for both change in Kelvin and Joules, have very similar patterns. The only difference between both is that Citric acid gives 3780.0 joules, which is 1470.0, more joules than sulphuric acid, which has a higher change in Kelvin than compared to citric acid.The reason for there to be a higher amount of energy maybe due to the fact that a higher volume is used for the citric acid than sulphuric acid, which may link to the fa ct that a higher volume of acid gives a higher enthalpy change.I believe my prediction was partially linked to the results recorded, mainly due to the fact that the weaker acids gave higher readings than expected, like Ethanoic and that the stronger acids gave lower than expected readings, like Hydrochloric acid. Overall I believe my results showed the trend that would be expected.