Effects of Parents Working Abroad to the Scholastic Performance of Their Children

This study is made to understand the performance, specifically the academic performance, of students without the guidance of their parents or having absentee parents. In studying, parents are important to help guide, teach and lead their children because a child need supports from their loved ones and also discipline to be motivated.It is a parent’s responsibility to take care of their children, it is hard for a student to have no one to guide them especially in their studies because as a student you still need someone to teach you and it is best to learn from you parents. Now-a-days a lot of students live without parents due to certain reasons and in some research it is said that this truly affects the child not only psychologically but also socially and academically. In the University of St.La Salle, there are a number of students with absentee parents (single parent or both absent) and this is why the researcher decided to come up with this study. The focus of this study is not only present inside the campus of the University; it also exists in other schools, other places, other countries or even the whole world. In the world today people cannot avoid this situation maybe because of life difficulties or maybe because of other circumstances.Some reasons why this happen is due to financial problems like parents need to go abroad or leave to look for money to enable to support their family an example are the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW), another is separation (Divorce or Annulment) of parents which sometimes results to single-parenting and one more example is the death of a loved one. Because of the interesting topic and common issue, the researcher desires to enable this study for people to be aware of this certain problem that students with absentee parents are going through and how it affects their academic performance. Statement of the Problem

International Student Identity Essay

Identity is sort of behaviour that can be symbolized by individual or communities by showing how they interact to each other and how they represent their culture of origin. These essay will discuss and analyse some theories of indentity through culture and languange views and then show the reader how these lense might influence international student identity. The structure of essay will be organised as follows; First of all, introduction will explain an overview of it. This is followed by describing the theory of identity. The next section is about discussion of identity by using culture and language focuses. Furthermore, writer will explain the impact of new culture and language to international student’s current and future experience. Finally, a conslusion paragraph will be the final section of the essay. What is Identity? In last three decades, the theory of identity evolves continously. According to Borowski (1976, 501), identity does not have a definite concept. Many scholars explore what identity is. For example, in his paper, Burke and Reitzes (1981) summarise the work of McCall and Simmons (1966), Stryker (1968), and Burke and Tully (1977) to divide the concept of identity in three unique characteristics that are, identities are produced by society, identities are personal sense, and identities are spontaneous and representational character. This distinctive feature is obtained by an individual throughout childhood period to become his/her fundamental character (Sokefeld et. al. 1999, 2). Later on, Fearon (1999, 4) broadly explains that identity of a person can be defined as social identity (a person is recognised by â€Å"rules deciding membership and performed characteristic features or attributes†) and personal category (special feature, might be permanent, that make a person is looked important by society). Furthermore, Hall (1990, 222) argues that the theories of identity keep to be produced, â€Å"which is never complete, always in process and always constituted within, not outside, representation† In addition, there are still challenges to identity theory to have obvious meanings that related to self and society (Stryker and Burke 2000, 284). Culture Identity According to archaeological term (SAA 2008), culture means â€Å"a set of learned beliefs, values and behaviours the way of life shared by the members of a society. † It is performed because there is relationship between each of members (Ferdman 1990, 186). They usually gather in a group of society. For example, if some Javanese people (one of Indonesian ethnics) live outside of Indonesia, they tend to live in a place where other Javanese live. They interact with each other and applying Javanese’s values that they have before. These dispositions maintain and develop their values and applying it in their daily living. Other people who are not a member of that society might look this mind-set as culture identity of that society. In addition, Hall (1990, 229) argues that cultural identities are the special character that emerge from history and culture. For instance, culture identities of England and Ireland are quite same, because they have similar history and culture. Cultural identity represents individual or group’s behaviour. According to Kochman (1987, 220 cited in Ferdman 1990, 190), cultural identity can be represented by ethnic and indirect link between an individual and the group. It has main value that the beliefs and act becomes a symbol of the group, and the member realise that he/she has direct relationship with the most important and unique part of their culture (Smolic 1981, 75-77 cited in Ferdman 1990, 190) . This value is simple, however its â€Å"malleability, imprecision, and multivocality†, make cultural identity become complicated (Cohen 1993, 202). Furthermore, it can be influenced by anything because of cultural identity is unstable (Hall 1990, 229). Language Identity Language is generally used when people interact to each other. Yihong et. al. (2005, 39) state that language is not just to communicate, but It associated with culture which create one’s self-identity. Moreover, it represents the identity of a society (Miller 2000, 69). For example, International students from Indonesia, Middle East countries, or China, will speak by using their native language when they interact to student from same country. Indonesian language, Arabic language, Mandarin or Cantonese languages are their identity. People might know who they are by listening to their conversation. Language and identity can not be separated. Scholars argue that language use and identity is inherent with social practices and membership (Miller 2000, 69). He also affirms that self-representation is a product of language use and identity (Miller 2000, 69). How person speaks, what type of vocabularies, represent the identity of the speaker. For instance, a truck driver will not use same language as a Professor use, and a postgraduate student has different style of language that high school student does. Even though they have same mother tongue, such as English, they speak differently because they come from different society. Their identity shows what and how they differ. International Student Identity People who pursue their study to overseas’ university will have new identity as international student. They become member of student society. During study, each individual enacts its duty as student (Fearon 1999, 19). A student can be seen by another member of society as college student, or the other way around. Furthermore, he or she may establish a self-identity embedded with academic consequences (Reitzes and Burke 1982 cited in Reitzes and Burke 1991, 243). By representing their new identity, they should study hard, submit the assignment on time, do some examinations, interact to other students and lecturer, and so on. Being international student in Australia, a person who comes from country which has different culture and language use will do some adjustments related with culture and language. He or she should accustom with Australian or western culture, and using English language more frequent. These adjustments may be done to make his or her study successful and to make their live during here easy. For instance, using English language to communicate to another student from different country and lecturer or tutor is a must; otherwise he or she can not interact. Another illustration is when he or she has group assignment which requires working with Australian student or western countries’ student. Possibly, Australian people is very common with assertive behaviour (Putnis and Petelin 2007, 3. 3), which can annoy him or her. Instead of the study group is unsuccessful, acceptation to this behaviour should be considered, since it has positive impact to the group. Postgraduate student identity It is very interesting for me to deal with new culture. I have to make a lot of adjustments while I am here. For example, I should say â€Å"thank you† to the bus driver to show my politeness and appreciation. It might be sort of Australian culture which is unusual attitude in my country. Another case is about calling a lecturer or someone who has higher position than me just by mentioning his or her first name. For the first time, it is so unfamiliar for me, because in Indonesia, I have to call them by saying ‘Mr’ or ‘Mrs’ before their name. In spite of the example above, I am very surprised to know that drinking alcohol and get drunk is frequently done by most of Australian people. They always do this thing every week end. Using English as new constraint language in the university is a remarkable thing for me. All things that related with my study are in English. At the beginning, it is quite difficult for me to be used to English language, because English is not my first or second language. However, I must try hard to improve my English, by speaking and interacting more often with other native or international student. After all, now I feel my self-representation changes. According to (Yihong et. al. 2005, 39-40), I am in the level of â€Å"self confidence change and additive change. â€Å" As a postgraduate student, to establish reading habit and critical thinking are also new culture for me. To do my assignment well, all problems should be keen evaluated and analytically critiqued (Atkinson and Longman 2003 cited in Davies and Maldoni). They also suggest that critical thinking can be established by doing a lot of reading. For example, I need to read a lot of references to support my opinion in a discussion essay. Impact to my future There are many Australian cultures which can influence my self identity. However, I have to sort whether it will be positive or negatif impact for me. For the negatif one, such as drinking alcohol habit, I will not allow my self to be influenced by that thing. On the other hand, assertive behaviour and the way how Australian people appreciate someone else will give the positive impact for me. In the future, my self will be more assertive and will appreciate people more. Another good impact for me is high level of English proficiency. Practising english everyday will make non-native speaker highly confident (Yihong et. al. 2005, 39-40). Conclusion The concept of identity still changes and many experts try to formulate the suitable definition of identity. New culture and language use which faced by international student will affect to their self identity. These new lenses might have positive or negative impact to them. They will have high self-confidence in interacting to another people. However, they should make a choice to absorb whether native culture is acceptable to be used as their self-representation or not. Reference Borowski, E. J. 1976. Identity and Personal Identity. Mind. 85 (340) : 481-502. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00264423%28197610%292%3A85%3A340%3C481%3AIAPI%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-L (accessed at 24 March 2008). Burke, P. J. and D. C. Reitzes. 1981. The link between identity and role performance Social Psychology Quarterly. 44 (2) : 83-92. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=01902725%28198106%2944%3A2%3C83%3ATLBIAR%3E2. 0. CO%3B2 (accessed at 20 March 2008). Cohen, A. P. 1993. Culture as identity: An anthropologist’s view. New Literary History. 24 (1): 195-209. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00286087%28199324%2924%3A1%3C195%3ACAIAAV%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-R (accessed at 27 March 2008). Davies, A. and A. Maldoni. Meeting the Needs of International Postgraduate Students: Modifying the EAP Curriculum for Masters Preparation Programs. http://www. englishaustralia. com. au/index. cgi? E=hcatfuncs&PT=sl&X=getdoc&Lev1=pub_c05_07&Lev2=c04_davie. (accessed at 27 March 2008). Fearon, J. D. 1999. What is identity (as we now use the word). Department of Political Science. Stanford University. http://www. stanford. edu/~jfearon/papers/iden1v2. pdf (accessed at 24 March 2008). Ferdman, B. M. 1990. Literacy and Cultural Identity. Harvard Educational Review. 60 (2): 181. Academic Research Library. http://eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. jsp ?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ408106&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ408106. (accessed at 27 March 2008). Hall, S. 1990. Culture Identity and Diaspora. http://www. lwbooks. co. uk/ReadingRoom/public/IdentityDiaspora. pdf. (accessed at 27 March 2008). Kagan, H. and Cohen, J. 1990. Cultural adjustment of international students. Psychological Science. 1 (2): 133-137. http://www. blackwell-synergy. com. ezp02. library. qut. edu. au/doi/abs/10. 1111/j. 1467-9280. 1990. tb00082. x (accessed at 27 March 2008). Miller, J. M. 2000. Language use, identity, and social interaction: migrant students in Australia. Research on Language & Social Interaction. 33(1): 69-100. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1207/S15327973RLSI3301_3. (accessed 7 March 2008). Putnis P. and R. Petelin. 2007. Improving personal communication. In QCD210/220/211 book of readings. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology. Stryker, S. and Burke, P. J. 2000. The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly. 63 (4) : 284-297. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0190-2725%28200012%2963%3A4%3C284%3ATPPAFO%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-G. (accessed at 24 March 2008). Society for American Archaeology. 1996. http://www. saa. org/publications/sampler/terms. html (accessed at 27 March 2008). Sokefeld, M. , Chaudhary, M. A. , Driessen, H. , Ewing, K. P. , Fuchs. , Gellner, D. N. , Haley, B. D. , et al. 1999. Debating self, identity, and culture in anthropology (and comments and reply). Current Anthropology. 40 (4): 417-447. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00113204%28199908%2F10%2940%3A4%3C417%3ADSIACI%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-5 (accessed at 27 March 2008) Yihong, G. , Ying, C. , Yuan, Z. , and Yan Z. 2005. Self-identity changes and English learning among Chinese undergraduates. World Englishes. 24 (1):

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Reflective Report of a Presentation - Essay Example Our chosen leader was Odunola. We allocated ourselves different subtopics on which to research and write about. Each member of the group was to research only a particular area of the topic. I was allocated the duty of compiling the work that the group members had done and coming up with the conclusion. By dividing the work amongst ourselves, we managed to make the work easier and bearable for each one of us considering time limitations. Subsequent meetings mainly involved getting to know how far the group had done in meeting the main objective. During these meetings, we got the opportunity to see and read what each one of the group members had done. We discussed on everyone’s points and critiqued one another positively in a bid to ensure that our overall output was constructive and qualitative, and so that we pushed ourselves to complete the work within the limited time that we had. We were fortunate that the meetings were objective and every person’s had time to present their input to the extent that there were no heated exchanges or ugly scenes. As part of my preparation for the presentation, I visited the British Library and consulted other students and people that I thought were more knowledgeable in the subject. While I got constructive input from some of the individuals that I consulted, the library proved to be invaluable. I encountered several books that gave me hints, clues and information directly related to my assigned subtopic. I was actually lost for choice which sources to rely on for my part. I managed to compile the final document in good time before the due date for the presentation. We made our presentation on March 18, 2014 at around 1315 as scheduled, each one of us presenting their parts as we had earlier agreed for a total of 25 minutes. I realized that presenting before an audience is not an easy task. Odunola presented the introduction after which

World War I and II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

World War I and II - Essay Example The First World War can be attributed to change in distribution of power in the international system and the many alliances which had been formed prior to the war to protect interests of different states (Dickson, 2011). This enabled all the European states to be drawn into the war making it the greatest war ever fought. However, there are many other causes which led and intensified the war. These include; arms race, nationalism, imperialism and militarism among others. The great powers involved in the war included Britain, Italy, France, Germany, Russia, and the Austria-Hungary Empire. The Second World War on the other hand, was as a result of dissatisfaction with the conditions of the peace treaty signed after the First World War and struggle for power by states. However, there are other important factors that contributed to the war such as the great depression of 1930s, the rise of totalitarianism, policy of appeasement, failure of the League of Nations as well as ideologies such as anti-communism, fascism, nationalism, and militarism among others (Dickson, 2011).... eaders followed social Darwinist ideas which view war as â€Å"the only powerful force of nature through which stronger nations prevail over the weaker ones in an international struggle of the fittest.† The international system culture was also that of tolerance to war; disputes between nations were better settled through war rather than negotiation and this created a good environment for nations to wage war against each other in order to maintain or gain power over others. Dickson (2007) argues that the culture of tolerance enabled European powers to assert their power and influence. This is what led Germany to support Austria-Hungary in its quest for war against Serbia after it failed to honour an ultimatum issued by Austria-Hungary demanding justice. Austria-Hungary had severed relations with Serbia as it had a lot of influence on the Balkans hence had long planned to wage war against Serbia. The war was supposed to be small scale but due to the alliance system, the war esc alated to a great magnitude. The alliance system began with Bismarck’s desire to unify Germany with the confederate states hence the war with Austria in the north and France in the south. The two were defeated by Prussia and the confederate states united to form the German empire. The loss of Alsace and Lorraine to Prussia left France yearning for revenge against Germany and was just waiting for an opportunity to attack. Germany’s desire to become a world power led it into acquiring more states and hence needed protection against the other powers. It thus started forming alliances with other powers so as to guard against any attacks from France or Russia. Germany formed an alliance with Austria-Hungary and Russia but Russia withdrew later hence the dual alliance to aid each other in case of

Marketing Case Study with additional research and reference

Marketing with additional research and reference - Case Study Example As for the brand association, the company has positioned Starbucks store as the third place after home, and school or work, where high quality gourmet coffee is served and is available also for retail purchase. All this positioning is communicated through all the companys marketing efforts, where it builds the perceived brand quality—the layout of its stores, great customer service by friendly and knowledgeable crews, the taste of coffee, as well as extra perks that it offers such as free Internet access or sockets for electronic equipments such as laptops (Schultz 2009). All these four constitute the elements that make up a Starbucks customers loyalty. This is how Starbucks create brand equity. The Asian market promises more opportunities for growth than Europe. For one, the emerging markets are in Asia, and as these new economies grow, opportunities for foreign expansion also emerge as buyer powers increase (refer to the case). Most Asian markets are also open to the Western lifestyle (refer to the case). Because Europeans have longer history which is embedded in their culture as regards the way coffee is consumed such as in countries like Austria and Italy, the Asian market seems more attractive (refer to the case). Among the countries in Asia, Singapore seems to be the most viable country to enter, as Starbucks pose for its market entry in the region (refer to the case). In the mid-1990s, Singapore is the third largest economy in Asia, just after Japan and Brunei. Apart from having a high per capita income in the region, Singaporeans also like American products, which can give Starbucks a distinct advantage (refer to the case). Also, with the emergence of coffeehouses in the country, introducing the coffee lifestyle that Starbucks offer is no longer an issue, which otherwise could have incurred the company

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Employee Commitment Among Essay

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Employee Commitment Among Perfusionists - Essay Example IV. This study shall establish the relationship between self-efficacy and employee commitment among CCPs. It shall also investigate the role of age, gender, workload, experience, education and self-efficacy on CCP commitment. V. The research design is that of a quantitative correlational study. Two survey instruments would be used. One would measure organizational commitment through the organizational commitment questionnaire and the other would be the work self-efficacy inventory. Data would be analyzed using t-tests and multiple regression analyses as well as non-parametric tests. VII. With positive social change, better societal outcomes can be gained, in this case, better outcomes for patients and better working scenarios for CCPs. This study would benefit CCPs primarily, improving their work conditions and commitment. It would also benefit the patients with improved quality of care. This is an optional page for a dedication. If you include a dedication, use regular paragraph spacing as shown here (not centered, italicized, or otherwise formatted). If you do not wish to include this page, delete the heading, the body text, and the page break below the end of the text. No page number appears on any of the pages up to this point. If you do not wish to include this page, delete the heading and the body text; if a blank page remains, delete the page break above but leave the section break that you see below this text. Perceived self-efficacy refers to an is an individual’s beliefs in about accomplishing a specific task successfully (Bandura (1977). The theory of self-efficacy is a component of the social cognitive theory, which emphasizesd that cognitive, behavioral, personal, and environmental factors interact impact on to determine motivation and behavior. Beliefs in personal efficacy affect individual personal choices, including the quality of their performance, their resilience, and their level of motivationimpact the choices

Deviant Behaviors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deviant Behaviors - Research Paper Example Deviant behaviors involve the process by which conditions, actions, and or beliefs are viewed as deviant by others. Others, like copyright infringement, may not be considered as deviant. While acts of racism may attract negative reactions in some societies, it may not do so in other societies. Conditions, such as dwarfism, facial deformities or obesity, may cause individuals to be treated badly depending on the societal beliefs (Humphrey, 2006). Social assimilation is the connection to institutions and groups while social ruling is obedience to values and norms in a particular community. The ones highly incorporated fall under the group of selflessness while those who are not extremely incorporated are considered egoistic. Likewise, the regulated ones are considered in the category of fatalism and tolerable ones are in the category of anomie (Humphrey, 2006). Altruistic suicide (demise for the superior of the assembly), egocentric suicide (fall of the elimination of the acceptable connection with other people), anomic (fatality because of confusing of self-interest and norms of the society) are caused by limits (Flick, 2011). Robert K. Merton described deviant behavior by defining the objectives in his theory of anomie. He stated that anomie is defying of social norms. He also defines anomie as a condition where social goals and legitimacy are significant in communication. He explained that one’s reaction to the society were useful in considering deviance. Purposely, he studied combined action as provoked by frustration, strain, or stress in a body of people who arise from a detachment amid the goals of the society and the commonly used means to attain that goal. Usually, non-custom group deeds (rebellion, rioting etc.) are reflected on financial constrains. The two scopes dictate the revision to society depending on the cultural

Commerce paper essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Commerce paper - Essay Example In addition, the CEO needs to encourage employees to openly express their views and suggestions regarding the ethical culture of the organization so as to ensure a comprehensive ethical framework. The essential elements needed for the establishment of an effective ethical framework may vary from culture to culture as ethics is related to perceptions of people. Therefore, the CEO must acquire thorough knowledge regarding different cultural aspects of the region in which his company operates. For this, the CEO has to directly or indirectly analyze the traditional beliefs and practices and living standards of people who reside in the company’s target business territory. Before setting the ethical standards of an organization, the CEO should evaluate what his competitors do and to what extent they are effective. It is clear that finance is an essential component in the design and implementation of proposed ethical standards. Here, the CEO has the responsibility to find potential s ources of finance and distribute them among different divisions of the organization. Hence, the CEO needs to choose appropriate means of market survey to understand what people expect from the company. Similarly, the CEO has to convince personnel about the significance of ethical culture since effective employee participation is inevitable for the successful implementation of the designed ethical standards. Therefore, the CEO must also ensure that the proposed ethical framework does not hurt the employees’ worksite interests. In order for setting up ethical standards effectively, upward and downward flow of communication is necessary at various management levels. Ethical standards and practices would not benefit an organization if bad behavior of managerial persons or other employees goes unreported. Hence, the CEO must design a well structured reporting system by focusing on various departmental divisions. Furthermore, the CEO has to remember the fact that generational diffe rences can raise ethical changes and hence he should not focus too much on traditional ethical practices of the organization. Gable highlights the point that people with different work styles can demonstrate same commitment and work efficacy. Hence, individuality of people has to be admired while framing ethical standards of an organization. In other words, the ethical standards must make the employees feel that the company is loyal to them. In sum, the CEO must ensure that the proposed ethical standards are authentic and not too liberal. 2. In macroeconomics and management, vertical integration is a process through which several phases in production and/or distribution of a product/service are owned and operated by a single company in order to increase business territory and market power. A vertical integration strategy has the following advantages and disadvantages; Advantages Improved supply chain coordination is the most notable benefit of a vertical integration strategy as this feature assists an organization to increase its operational efficiency and thereby profitability. In most times, it seems that a vertical integration results in closer geographic proximity and it is beneficial for the integrated firm to take advantages of reduced transportation costs. Economists opine that vertical amalgamation is useful for

Sound Waves Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sound Waves - Lab Report Example Fourier Transform essentially incorporates a time series of pressure intensity in the determination of the perfect pitched frequencies summation. It also incorporates the level of the amplitude to recreate the original sound. Series of data aids in telling the amplitude of the sound as a function of time to a corresponding series data that determines the amplitude of the frequencies for recreation of the sound. Based on the graphs collected the ambiguity within the time durations and frequencies measured for diverse sound waves emanated from the errors in the measurement Logger Pro. The percentage error amidst the tuning fork frequency and corresponding measured frequencies was less that 1%, which is relatively safe. The percentage error amidst the printed frequency and the measured frequency was 0.58% as depicted by the sine curve. Undertaking the curve fit is relatively more precise measurement method regarding finding the frequency since it is not subjective to many of individual’s errors. The concept of Fourier Transforms is fundamental in the examination of the sound waves. Moreover, it integrates a time series of pressure intensity in the resolving the perfect pitched frequencies summation. Series of data display amplitude of the sound as a function of time to a corresponding series data that determines the amplitude of the frequencies for recreation of the sound. There was certain error in the lab experiment that mainly occurs due to the individual’s point of view of the underlying maximum intensity, within is not fundamental to other

What could be the expected positive and negative effects of European Essay

What could be the expected positive and negative effects of European Monetary Union on a member country's economy - Essay Example The European Monetary Union (EMU) has been such framework. However, the challenges related to the particular plan have been many. In practice, persuading the member states to align their fiscal and economic policies has been proved a challenging task. The gradual implementation of EMU across member states has been considered as a strategy for controlling risks related to this initiative. The incorporation of ‘the principle of freedom of capital movement in the Treaty for the European Union’, in 1993, has been the starting point of EMU. At the next level, two important activities had to be performed for promoting EMU: ‘the introduction of the legislation related to EMU in all member states and the introduction of the common currency, the euro’. These activities that lasted from 1994 to 1998 have been incorporated in the second phase of EMU’s implementation. From January 1999 the third phase of this plan has started; this phase involves in the replaceme nt of national currencies of member states by euro. In practice, it has been proved that EMU can result to both positive and negative effects for member states. The particular issue is explored in this paper. Reference is made to UK and Spain, as examples, for showing the positive and negative effects of EMU both for countries within the euro zone and for those that are outside the euro zone. In this way also, the potential implications of the entry of a member state in Euro zone are made clear. 2. Which could be the expected positive and negative effects of European Monetary Union on a member country's economy? The participation of countries in a monetary union has been related to a series of benefits. For the member states that participate in EMU these benefits would be also available. According to Albertin (2008) one of the most important benefits of participating in a monetary union is ‘the significant increase of bilateral trade between the countries that have joined such union’ (Albertin 2008, p.3). It is not made clear though whether this benefit can continue in the long term or whether it is related only to the initial period of a country’s entrance in a moneta ry union. On the other hand, a monetary union can protect its members against strong market turbulences. Indeed, during strong financial crises the countries that are members of a monetary union can easier keep their economy stabilized at the level that their interest rates are not highly affected by the crisis, at least not so high as the rates of the countries that do not participate on monetary unions (Farina and Tamborini 2008, p.152). The recent financial crisis can be considered as an indicative example of the above case; the countries that are members of EMU have managed to protect their economy from extensive losses, mostly because they have been under the protection of EMU (Tausch and Heshmati 2012). The fact that not all members of EMU have managed to secure their economy against the global crisis is not related solely to their participation in EMU but it has been also related to their existing fiscal and social policies (Tausch and Heshmati 2012). In any case, the potenti als of a monetary union ‘to protect its members against asymmetric shocks’ (De Grauwe 2012, p.27) seem to be high. Another important benefit of monetary unions is

Use appropriate chemical tests Essay Example for Free

Use appropriate chemical tests Essay P5 Use appropriate chemical tests to identify different dietary nutrients Minerals Biochemical test Positive results Why are they needed and the implications without them Starch The easiest way to test for starch is by adding an Iodine or potassium iodide solution. This is commonly used on bread. The iodine or potassium iodide solution will colour of the bread from brown to black. Starch influences the speed at which glucose is digested in the body. Starch converts into sugar and provides cells with energy. However if the cells do not require that energy, it is stored and used at a later time. Excess amounts of starch would turn into fat. Without a healthy supply of starch people would get tired and sluggish, due to the lack of energy in their body. Digestive difficulties, heart disease and kidney stones can also result from a lack of starch. Sugars (excluding sucrose) By adding Benedict’s solution, the substance being tested would need to be placed in a water bath and heated at 80Â °C in order to find out whether or not a sugar is present. If a sugar is found, the colour will change from blue to yellow/red. Sugar is used to fuel the human body. They do this by flowing into the bloodstream at a slower absorption rate which is healthy in the body. Without sugar people can become hypoglycemic which results in low energy levels and fainting. Sucrose sugar To test for sucrose the substance would need to be heated with dilute hydrochloric acid. This is so that that it can hydrolyse the sucrose to make glucose and fructose. When the colour changes from blue to green/yellow/red after hydrolysis, the Benedict’s test will be positive. This means that a sucrose sugar will be present. Sucrose is used in the body to make glucose. This process occurs in the liver where the sucrose is then split by hydrolysis. Like sugar they are used to provide energy to the cells. Without sucrose there could be a lower amount of glucose made. This can result in tiredness and potentially fainting. Lipids Ethanol is used to check for any lipids found in food. Once the ethanol is added, it would need to be shaken to reduce any fats. Once that process has finished the ethanol would need to poured into a test tube containing water. A white emulsion of fats should be present on top of the water. Lipids regulate the amount of fats in the body. These fats are then used as energy. Lipids also provide essential vitamins, regulate hormones and enzymes and protect the body. Without lipids all those functions would be reduced. Cell function and formation would be limited with a notable dip in energy also occurring. Absorption of nutrients would also be reduced as lipids regulate vitamin A, D, E and K in the body. Protein Add Biuret reagents of dilute sodium hydroxide on the substance. This is then followed by a dilute copper sulphate reagent. A colour change will occur is a lipid is present and the colour will change from blue to lilac or purple. Protein is essential in muscle development as it rebuilds and repairs them. Protein also manufactures antibodies which fight and prevent infection. A lack of protein would result in hair loss, slowness up healing and general weakness and lack of energy. Vitamin C DCPIP solution is added to the food substance being tested. If the blue colour of the DCPIP disappears then the food contains vitamin C. Vitamin C is needed for the production of protein collagen which help support body tissues. It also acts as a detoxifier as well as helping maintain blood vessel structure. Vitamin C deficiency would result in muscle and joint pains, easy bruising and tiredness. Gums may also start bleeding and swelling. Vitamins and Minerals A clean nichrome wire would need to be dipped in nitric acid and then placed on a Bunsen burner. The burner would need to be on its maximum heat setting and when there is no colour of the flame the nichrome wire has been removed of any contaminants. The wire would then need to be dipped in the food that it is being test. It is then placed on the Bunsen burner. The colours made are due to the minerals present in the food. The presence of potassium will produce a lilac flame. Calcium is present if the flame produces a red colour. If the flame is orange or yellow then sodium is present. Vitamins and minerals are split into a wide variety of beneficial substances. They ensure the body is functioning well. A deficiency in any of these would result in unhealthy development and poor cell function. Reference http://www. pearsonschoolsandfecolleges. co. uk/Secondary/Science/BTECAppliedScience/BTECLevel3NationalAppliedScience/Samples/StudentBook/BTECLevel3NationalAppliedScienceStudentBookUnit11. pdf http://www. ehow. com/how-does_4728406_sugar-affect-human-body. html#ixzz2K7KIoTsV http://www. ehow. com/about_4571150_does-vitamin-c-do-body. html#ixzz2K7QKUAsS. Read more:Â  Test for Carbohydrates

Zachary’s Story Essay Example for Free

Zachary’s Story Essay 1. An ulcer starts by eroding the mucosa of the G.I tract wall. What functions of digestion or reabsorption might be lost if this layer is no longer functional? What functions will be compromised if the ulcer eats through the submucosa and then the muscularis? Absorption would not happen correctly because some of the ingested and secreted may seep out of the lumen. This could also create a pathway of entry for pathogens, if the ulcer ate its way through to the muscularis mucosa and lose some control of defecation. 2. If Zachary has a peptic ulcer affecting his stomach and or duodenum, which components of the peritoneum will be affected? If the ulcer eats a hole into the wall of the stomach, bacteria and partially digested food can spill though the opening into the peritoneum. This will cause sever inflammation of the abdominopelvic cavity and the visceral peritoneum. 3. How can Zachary’s stomach contribute to the formation of ulcers in other parts of the G.I tract? Which cells directly participate in ulcer formation and how do they contribute to the creation of lesions in the G.I tract wall? Zachary’s stomach contributes to the formation of ulcers in the other parts of the G.I tract by the acids that are needed to breakdown food, they are excessive and will cause the stomach to over work therefore causing surrounding parts to be over worked as well. The cells that participate in ulcer formation include: partial cells (secrete HCI) and gastric gland (acetylcholine) . The major causing factor is chronic inflammation due to helicobacter pylori that colonizes the mucosa. The immune system is unable to clear up the infection despite the appearance of antibodies, which the bacterium can cause a chronic active gastritis. 4. Why does Zachary’s G.I tract need the substance the contributes to the formation of ulcers? How is this substance secreted by cells within the gastric pits? Zachary’s G.I tract need the substance to assist in the breakdown of food for absorption. Epithelial cells extend into the lamina where they form secretory folds called gastric glands and several of these glands open into the gastric pits and secretions from those glands flow into the pits. 5. If Zachary’s only normal digestive enzymes come back from his mouth, what substances will he be able to digest? Zachary will only be able to digest starch because even though food is swallowed too quickly for all starches to be broken down in the mouth, salivary amylase in the swallowed food continues to act on the starches for around another hour, then the stomach acids inactivate it. Zachary can also digest triglycerides because the enzyme secreted by lingual glands in the tongue start to break down but does not activate until the bolus reaches the stomach. 6. What do you think the ultimate fate of Zachary’s pancreas would be if the hepatopancreatic ampulla continued to be blocked? What do you think would happen to the liver and then eventually to the rest of Zachary’s body? Because of the excessive pancreatic juice and bile Zachary’s pancreas will not be able to function correctly, this will result in a blockage of the secretions that will continue to build causing further damage and inflammation. Zachary will end up with extrahephatic jaundice due to the blockage of bile drainage and he will become malnourished and lose weight. 7. What enzymes has Zachary’s body been unable to use because of the blockage of the hepatopancreatic ampulla? What are the specific molecules these enzymes work on? Pancreatic juice and bile are the enzymes that Zachary cannot use. These enzymes work on the endocrine portion of the pancreas, they secrete the hormones glucagon and insulin. 8. Selecting one of Zachary’s symptoms of either diarrhea, fever or weight loss†¦ explain how inflammation of one section of the small intestine could lead to that symptom? Inflammation of the small intestine is called gastroenteritis. The symptoms that occur with this disease include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. All of these symptoms can cause a fever and it will last anywhere from 3-7 days. 9. With Zachary’s new diet, which type of lipoprotein will decrease in circulation the most? Which type of lipoprotein do most people wish they could decrease and why? Which one do most people wish they could increase? VLDLs will decrease with Zachary’s new diet. Most people wish they could decrease LDLs because LDL cholesterol is known as â€Å"bad† cholesterol, and people have too few LDL receptors. Their body cells remove LDL from the blood less effectively and develop fatty plague. People wish they could increase HDLs which is known as â€Å"good† cholesterol. 10. In a healthy person other molecules can be substituted into the pathways of glucose catabolism when the blood glucose level is low. What specific molecules will Zachary now have problems making during times of low glucose and what is the normal source of molecules? Zachary will have problems making glycogen, which is mobilized and converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis when the blood glucose concentration is low. Glucose may also be produced from non-carbohydrate precursors that include: pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. Gluconeogenesis is what maintains blood glucose concentrations, while insulin and glycogen work together to keep blood glucose normal. 11. If Zachary is no longer ingesting foods high in lipid content, how will his body continue to supply itself with phospholipids, lipoproteins and cholesterol? Without an adequate supply of lipids in the body, what process will most likely increase in his hepatocytes to ensure proper ATP production in times of low blood glucose? Zachary’s body will continue to supply itself with phospholipids, lipoproteins and cholesterol by using the stored lipids in the adipose tissue throughout his body and his liver. Ketone bodies will increase in the hepatocytes to ensure proper ATP production.

Advantages Of Semisynthetic Penicillins Biology Essay

Advantages Of Semisynthetic Penicillins Biology Essay Introduction Amoxycillin is a semisynthetic ÃŽ ²-lactam antibiotic derived from a common chemical nucleus of naturally occurring Penicillin G, 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Vital to Amoxycillins biological effects is the ÃŽ ²-lactam ring contained within this nucleus. Amoxicillin is bacteriolytic and bacteriocidal to susceptible gram positive and gram negative microbacteria. Today, amoxicillin is the 9th most prescribed drug in the world. Penicillin discovery Up until the early 1900s, the only treatment for bacterial infection was antiseptic which was only useful for surface wounds. In 1928, Alexander Fleming made a momentous albeit accidental discovery in St Marys Hospital in London. He noticed that a Staphylococci plate being grown in culture had been contaminated with mould of the species Penicillium notatum and that this had resulted in the inhibition of bacterial growth in the vicinity of the mould. Fleming subsequently isolated the mould and formulated an antibacterial mould broth. In 1938 at Oxford, Howard Florey and his biochemist Ernst Chain extracted penicillin from the mould and established that it was nontoxic and had chemotherapeutic effects. In 1941 an injectable form of penicillin became available for therapeutic use Advantageous of Semisynthetic Penicillins Penicillin G (naturally occurring) is poorly stable in gastric acid and broken down rapidly as it passes through the stomach. Therefore, Penicillin G must be given intramuscularly which limits its usefulness. Semisynthetic penicillins such as Amoxycillin with increased oral bioavailability were a major advancement in therapeutic antibiotics. Furthermore, while aminopenicillins and natural penicillins have similar efficacy against gram positive bacteria, semisynthetic aminopenicillins (such as Amoxycillin) are more active against certain strains of gram negative rods. Amoxycillin Discovery In Beecham Laboratories in 1957, 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) was isolate from penicillin. Through chemical modification of the ÃŽ ²-lactam thiazolidine ring side chains semisynthetic penicillins were developed. In 1961, Ampicillin was created which was quickly followed in 1964 by the introduction of a Ï -hydroxyl group in Ampicillins side chain creating amoxycillin. Amoxycillin was found to have improved absorption following oral administration and 2-2.5 times greater plasma concentrations compared to an equivalent dose of Ampicillin. In 1967 Beecham laboratories discovered that the susceptibility of Amoxycillin to ÃŽ ²-lactamase could be overcome with co-administration of clavulanic acid (a ÃŽ ²-lactamase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces olivaceus). Chemistry Amoxycillin is a white crystalline powder that is somewhat soluble in alcohol and water. Amoxycillins chemical name is (2S,5R,6R)-6-[(R)-2amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3,3-dimethy;-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes-2-carboxylic acid. It has a molecular weight of 419.4. Figure 1: Chemical Structure of Amoxycillin Pharmacodynamics Amoxycillin functions by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptides of susceptible gram positive and negative microorganisms actively synthesizing peptidoglycan and undergoing multiplication. The molecular target of Amoxycillin and other ÃŽ ²-lactam antibiotics are the Penicillin Binding Proteins. Upon drug-target interaction transpeptidation is blocked and thus inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a vital cell wall component. Subsequently, the inhibitor of autolytic enzymes in the cell wall, is removed resulting in active autolytic enzymes and bacteriolysis. Pharmacokinetics Amoxycillin complies with the two compartment model with elimination occurring from the central compartment. Figure 2 demonstrates Amoxycillins biexponential decline of serum concentration with time. Table 1 and 2 document the pharmacokinetic parameters of Amoxycillin. Figure 2: Average serum concentration versus time after 500mg IV dose of Amoxycillin. Table 1: Pharmacokinetic parameter and absolute bioavailability of a 500mg oral dose of Amoxycillin. Table 2: Pharmacokinetic parameter of a 500mg IV dose of Amoxycillin. Administration Amoxycillin is usually administered orally. The relationship between dose and extent of absorption is not linear with a plateau at higher oral concentrations. Dose adjustments need to be made in patients with renal dysfunction. Bioavailability Drug bioavailability is the proportion of drug that passes into systemic circulation after oral administration. It is dependent upon absorption across the gastrointestinal tract and first pass clearance by the liver. After oral administration of a dose of 250mg and 500mg of Amoxycillin the average peak serum concentrations (observed between 1-2 hours after administration) were 5.0mg/mL and 6.0 10.8 mg/mL respectively. The variation of plasma concentration with time is demonstrated in Figure 3. The oral bioavailability of Amoxycillin is 77.4% Amoxycillin is stable in gastric acid and is rapidly absorbed after oral administration regardless of absence or presence of food products and thus a high proportion of administered dose reaches the systemic circulation.. Figure 3: Mean serum levels following oral administration of 125mg and 250mg of Amoxycillin to 11 normal volunteers. (95% confidence). Volume of Distribution Volume of distribution is defined as the volume of fluid in which the amount of drug in the body would need to be uniformly distributed to produce observed plasma concentrations. Amoxycillin distributes widely and rapidly into most body tissues and fluid. Despite this, Amoxycillin remains extracellular due to lipid insolubility and thus does not cross the blood brain barrier unless the meninges are inflamed. Volume of distribution of Amoxycillin is 20.2L (0.3 L/kg). Clearance Clearance is defined as the volume of blood cleared of drug per unit time. It is dependent on renal excretion hepatic elimination. The clearance of Amoxycillin is 221mL/min. Renal Excretion Amoxycillin is excreted predominantly via the urine in biologically active form or as penicilloic acid. 75% of a 1 gram dose is excreted in the urine within 6 hrs (60% biologically active form, 15% is in the form of penicilloic acid). Biological Half life Elimination half life is defined by the time taken for the plasma concentration of drug to reach half the steady state concentration. The biological half life is 61.3 minutes with normal renal function. Half life increases with renal dysfunction. Clinical Uses Amoxycillin is a broad spectrum ÃŽ ²-lactam antibiotic with effectiveness against many pathogenic microorganisms. It is commonly used to treat bacterial infections such as otitis media, tonsillitis, throat infections, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, gonorrhoea and skin infections. Indications for use Location of infection Microorganism Skin and skin structure E coli, Staphylococcus, nonpenicillinase producing streptococcis Respiratory (Acute and chronic) nonpenicillinase producing E coli, Streptococcus, Strep. Pneumonia, H.influenzae, staphylococcus Genitourinary tract (Complicate and uncomplicated, acute and chronic) E.Coli, P.mirabilis and Strep. Faecalis Gonorrhoea N. Gonorrhoea (nonpenicillinase producing) Prophylaxis of endocarditis Used in people at particular risk (e.g. individuals who have previously had endocarditis or with a prosthetic heart valve) Table 3: Indications for use of Amoxycillin Precautions Drug interactions Amoxycillin is rarely associated with adverse drug interactions however the following reactions have been demonstrated in some cases. Drug Interaction Oral anticoagulants (e.g. Warfarin and Acenocoumarol) Results in abnormal prolongation of prothrombin time (or international normalised ratio.) Allopurinol Results in increased rate of rash reactions. It is unknown whether this is due to Amoxycillin reacting with the allopurinol itself or the hyperuricaemia that it is treating. Combined Oral Contraceptives Like all penicillin, Amoxycillin can affect the commensal gut flora which results in decreased oestrogen absorption. This has been associated with decreased efficacy of combined oral contraceptives. Tetracyclines or other bacteriostatic drugs Bacteriostatic drugs have been known to interference with the bactericidal effects of Amoxycillin Clavulanic acid Amoxycillin therapeutic effects are inactivated by penicillinase (ÃŽ ²-lactam) producing organisms. It is possible to co-administer Amoxycillin with clavulanic acid (ÃŽ ²-lactamase inhibitor) to broaden the spectrum of susceptible bacteria (e.g.. co-amoxiclav). Probenecid Renal excretion can be delayed by administration of Probenecid as demonstrated by Figure 4. When used in conjunction there is an increased plasma concentration of Amoxycillin reached and longer duration of effect. This is a beneficial interaction. Table 4: Some common drug interactions when co-administered with Amoxycillin Figure 4: Mean serum levels following oral administration of 1 gram of Amoxycillin with and without probenicid. Pregnancy and Lactation While penicillin can cross the placenta, no teratogenic effects have been uncovered through animal studies. Similarly, Amoxycillin can be excreted in breast milk resulting in potential side effects for the nursing infant including diarrhoea or allergic response. However, Amoxycillin is generally considered safe for use in pregnant women and nursing mothers. Adverse reactions Side effects are uncommon however potentially include insomnia, diarrhoea, dizziness, confusion, heartburn, easy bruising, itching, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bleeding, rash and allergic reactions. The most common adverse reaction is hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergies to ÃŽ ² lactam antibiotics, penicillin or cephalosporins. Anaphylaxis can be fatal and occurs more frequently following parenteral administration. All penicillins have been associated with seizures when administered in excessive doses or administered intrathecally. Conclusion The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Flemming lead to the subsequent generation of the semisynthetic aminopenicillin, Amoxycillin. This ÃŽ ²-lactam antibiotic has a broad spectrum of therapeutic use, high oral bioavailability and lack of toxic effects.

Physics Essay -- Steer Wrestling Science Papers

Physics You can find a law of physics in everything that you do. It does not matter if you are doing complex scientific experiments, working as a laborer in a field, or enjoying your favorite pastime, you are involved in putting the laws of physics to work. I will try to demonstrate this as I discuss the laws of physics that are involved in my favorite pastime, which is steer wrestling. The art of steer wrestling is complex and simple all at the same time. To start, let’s define what exactly steer wrestling is. Steer wrestling is a rodeo event that is also known as bull dogging. This is the event where there are two mounted cowboys that run along the side of a steer. When they get close to the steer the cowboy on the left hand side climbs off onto the back of the steer, grabbing the steer by the horns. Keep in mind if you will that both the cowboys on the horses and the steer are running at full speeds while this dismounting is taking place. Once the cowboy has the steer by the horns, the cowboy must change the steer’s direction and wrestle him to the ground. Since this is a rodeo event and a competition, you have to do all of the above as fast as you can. Steer wrestling is a timed event that is started when the steer leaves the chute, and ends when the steer is lying on its side with all four feet facing the same direction. Now that we know what steer wrestling is, let’s tie it in with a couple of things that deal with physics. As I already mentioned above, the first step is crawling off of a horse that is running full speed onto the back of a cow that is traveling at its full speed as well. Any time you have masses traveling at speeds you have momentum. We will first discuss momentum and the changes in momentum th... ...ipetal force, and torque are just a couple of the many aspects of physics involved in this process. I believe that the use and understanding of physics can help in understanding why things work better then others, and how to be a more successful steer wrestler. A specific example is the fact that I now am more aware of where I locate my hands on a steer’s horn, and also I am more conscience is trying to be the center of mass. By being able to do this, I have taken my performance to a higher level and can back good ideas with proof from science. Bibliography 1.Kirkpatrick, Larry D. Wheeler, Gerald F. Physics: A World View. (Fourth Edition). Hartcourt, Inc. 2001. 2.Spence, Mike. â€Å"A Cowboy For All Eras† ProRodeo Sports News. 30 April, 2003. 3.Benton Franklin Fair & Rodeo. Steer Wrestling. 20 August, 2002. http://www.bffairrodeo.com/rodeo/steerwrestling.html

Christopher Marlowe Essay -- essays research papers

Christopher Marlowe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Comparisons are odious†, was once said by Christopher Marlowe in Lust’s Dominion, Act iii scene4. Christopher Marlowe has been identified as the most important Shakespeare’s predecessors. He was born in Canterbury, England, on February 6, 1564 and then baptized at St. George’s Church, Canterbury, on February 25, 1564. Marlowe was the eldest son of John Marlowe, a shoemaker and Katherine Arthur, a Dover girl of yeoman stock. Christopher’s intermediate family and extended family had a reputation of getting in trouble with the law. His sister was known for being a selfish person seeking the unjust vexation of her neighbor’s, while his father was always continually engaged in lawsuits containing debts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christopher Marlowe entered the King’s School at Canterbury in 1579. There he held a scholarship requiring him to study Ministry. The school was a canter of theatrical interests. It contained a large library filled with a number of volumes which have been claimed as sources for Marlowe’s plays. In 1584, Marlowe received a Bachelor’s of Arts Degree. Following that, in 1587, he had received a Master of Arts Degree. Shortly after receiving his Master’s degree, Marlowe went to London. There he was part of a circle of young men which were: Rawley, Nashe, and Kyel. By 1587, his first play was â€Å"Tamburlaine the Great†, had been performed on stage. As a result of his first play, Marlowe has started getting ...

Zeus Obstacle :: essays research papers

One of the greatest goddesses who lived atop mount Olympus was the goddess Athena. Athena was known as being the goddess of wisdom, war, the arts, and industry, Furthermore; she aided many desperate warriors on their journeys, and for this she is considered very just. With all of her contributions to the race of man such as the olive, the ability to tame the horse, and her creation of the potters wheel, she was greatly admired by humans. Athena was a very thoughtful and intelligent goddess, very rarely did she become angered, and more often thought of a solution, which was beneficial rather than vengeful. She was also one of the three virgin goddesses; she withheld her appetite for love and kept her chastity. With many sources of evidence, it is clear that Athena was one of the greatest of all gods and goddesses, her intellect, moral values, and great gifts to humanity put her atop any other goddess in respect to popularity in Greek culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athena had one of the strangest births of any of the gods. Out of the many gods and goddesses, who lived atop mount Olympus, Zeus reigned above them all. He was the most powerful and strongest of all the gods and goddesses, even if you combined all of their attributes together, they still were no match for Zeus and his dominance, It is no surprise that a god this great should need no woman to bear offspring at the level of the gods. Zeus was told by mother earth and father sky that him, and his wife metis would bare children, which would jeopardize his position as ruler of everything. With this foretold conclusion, Zeus decided to swallow Metis who was about to give birth, and in so gaining her intelligence and wisdom. It is said however, that the result of metis being eaten were Zeus' tremendous headaches. Hephaestus had the solution to these headaches, an axe, the result of the axe and Zeus' skull was that Athena sprang out, fully-grown and Armored. Athena had b een given a numerous amount of traits from her mother, more over; the main qualities were wisdom and justice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of her passion for war and battle, Athena was the protector of those who were brave and valorous. One of the many stories, which include a warrior receiving help from Athena, was Perseus. In his quest to kill the gorgon medusa, Athena gave Perseus his most helpful tool, a great shield in which he could view the reflection of the monster (anyone who looked directly into her gaze would be turned to stone).

Happy Teacher

â€Å"HAPPY TEACHER† A Narrative Report on Practice Teaching 2011- 2012 Maria Regina D. Gile My parents would always tell me how I dreamed of becoming a teacher in the future. I would usually be found holding a book and a pen, scribbling some notes and cutting off sheets of paper. A chalk and a board was my favourite, they would say, with matching pointing stick. I guess ever since, I find teachers so majestic and powerful and smart that made me want to be one. That was BEFORE not until now. Not today. I want to become a fashion designer, an interior designer, anything that has to do with the Arts. I love anything related to it.Colours, pegs, pencils, paintbrushes, everything. That is what I want. But you see, not all that we want, we get. This is what I want but I’m taking up what I don’t want. BS Education. Well for one it’s because a lot of people look at it as a low profession. Second, monetarily speaking, it does not tantamount to all the works to be done and efforts exerted. And lastly, my patience level? Err. Below Average. I cannot tolerate slow learners, or mentally challenged ones, or whatever you call them. I just am not comfortable with that. But fate brought me here. God brought me here. Although hard to accept, I had to.The first few years of me being an Education Student went quite well. I got high satisfactory grades, loved by teachers and gained friends. Everything was going well. I could get used to this, I thought to myself. Four years and I still haven’t shifted. Cool. And in my fourth year, the â€Å"total defining moment† has finally arrived; and that is to Practice Teaching- in an unfamiliar environment- just us- no back- up. Oh great, I thought. I better ready myself. I cannot back out! THIS IS A REQUIREMENT! I NEED TO DO IT IN ORDER TO GRADUATE! And so i did. I entered the room sheepishly with all eyes on me.Not to mention the slight murmurs children made and slight laughs. Boom- boom- boom! My heart went. I was assigned to Grade 1 students. I can do this. So in the first few weeks, i observed and supervised classes but not really went to the act of teaching. Children would usually approach me, asking me to open their biscuits, punch straws on their juices and fix their belts. It felt good and that was quite odd. I never opened myself to this perspective. Days went on and I realized i have memorized their names in just a week. I would usually call out their names to tell them to keep quiet, to fall in line and to fix their things.I’m lovin’ this i thought. What even made me realize i could be in this profession is when students started giving me cute little heart shaped papers telling me how much they love me and how beautiful i am. These kids really know how to appreciate every small little thing! My presence, they say, makes them feel safe and that they never want me to go away. Isn’t that sweet? Until finally i realized, i could be a teacher. I love kids, i love how they express their gratitude, i love the classroom setting! It makes me feel confident and safe and everything! And from that moment, i realized i wanted to become a Grade- school teacher.Not because i am enforced in this course but because i want it. Yes, i want to become a teacher. My â€Å"realization† was even strengthened when i started teaching. At first i was extremely nervous and uneasy because i do not know what to expect. Will they listen to me? Will they learn from me? Can they adapt to my strategy? All of these questions kept running in my mind until one student approached me and gave me a hug. I needed that. I instantly felt at ease. It felt like home. So i went on. The night before my teaching, i practiced and prepared myself very well. From the motivation, presentation, lesson proper and all.I didn’t want to fail. I need to impress my students, my critic teacher. So going back, when i started talking in front, i find myself getting more energetic and excited. i love talking and this profession allows me to maximize my mouth muscles! Great! The kids started listening attentively, actively participated and they are getting excited too! With this, i even thought, i am a great teacher! I can arouse their interest, they are listening and my critic teacher is smiling! It feels good and rewarding, honestly. All the things i have learned, i integrated, all the strategies taught, i applied and i said to myself this is gonna be fun!And so, i always prepared lessons even two days before and thought of different ways to motivate my students. I injected humor in my discussions that made the class lively, games to challenge the students, and riddles and more. It was fulfilling to see those timid students before were actively reciting and are motivated by me. I got so attached to all of them easily, taking care of them as if my own children. They’re my little angels! And everyday i look forward to see them despite the ted ious works and deadlines. I know that becoming a teacher isn’t easy. It requires a lot of patience and hard work and passion.And i am thankful to God for bringing me here. If i didn’t give it a try, i wouldn’t have seen the beauty of this profession. Thanks to St. Paul too, for this practice teaching. It exposed me to an environment i would probably be dealing with for the rest of my life and through this Pauline Education, not only has it moulded me as a professional but a teacher with a heart and values. Finally, with the practice teaching i have experienced, it served as an eye- opener that becoming a teacher is not bad at all. It is a fulfilling profession not only academically or professionally but a food for the soul.

Jesus’ Blood Never Failed Me Yet Essay

cognise as a minimalist and observational composer, Richard Gavin Bryars unleashed an emotionally intimate constructed piece prohibited from a l bingle anile aimless recounting, deliveryman blood never failed me to that extent, this one thing I know, for he loves me so Originally record from footage of a docudrama by his friend Alan Power in 1971 (Grimshaw), this aged voice served as the focal point and backdrop for Bryars poignant yet challenging work unfolding and reiterating itself all everywhere the course of 74 minutes in duration.Whereas practice of medicine that falls under minimalist movement, some clock times associated the emotional neutralization of repeated materials, Bryars has the re rime effect in which alter congenitally than numbing the listeners sensibilities, he heightens them and instead of imposing postmodern quietude toward the subject motion, it forces confrontation with it (Grimshaw). The entire extended music might deflate the kindle of its l isteners as the lines simply repeated oer the recording, but Bryars managed to extract the spirit of the cost increases captive poesy as he slowly introduced an accompaniment.The first take time off was merely the sole voice of the old man then eventually raise by suck up quartet, followed by draw bass and guitar. More everywhere, as the instruments subsequently pass away out, the tramps song continues and eventually underscored by a much richer sounding ensemble of low thread, then woodwinds, brass, and overdelicate percussion and finally affluent orchestra and consort (Grimshaw). The soul of the music originated from the compassionate personality of the old vagrant who sang the unearthly tune during the recording of Powers documentary that was about the life of street-people slightly Elephant and Castle and Waterloo in London.Bryars recounted while they atomic number 18 filming the documentary, some people skint into drunken ballad or opera house songs, but there w as a circumstance homeless old man sang Jesus Blood never Failed Me only. When he vie it at home, he noticed the exact tune of the singing to his piano, and, he discerned that the first section of the song that is 13 bars in length formed an effective loop that repeated in a slightly irregular way. Therefore, he took the tape to Leicester and copied the loop onto a continuous reel of tape having the subject of adding orchestrated accompaniment to it.During the act of copying, he left the door that lead to the large-scale painting studios, and when he came back, he build people weeping and silently perceive over the old mans singing, at that point, he realized a great emotional influence from the fearful faith and tranquil music (Howse), a merely accidental root undersurface this epic. This particular Bryars piece was a uncovering as there were other pas seuls do during the latter years. Tom Waits singing a extensive with it in 1990 and Jars of Clay released their own vers ion on their album Who We Are or else in 2003, aside from the fact that it was too used for several theatrical presentations. lotion credits for its very straightforward capacity to the people, the unyielding constancy of the lyricsrepeated over 150 timesessentially keeps the music from achieving greater feats. It is said that no matter how many times you paint a house, it remains to be the same house. Still, that verse holds together the entirety of the minimalist piece, a factor that you cannot simply neglect. Focusing on keeping his music very unprejudiced yet haunting, this composer and triple-fold bassist is a native from Goole, East Riding of Yorkshire, England and born on January 16, 1943.His first musical reputation was as a jazz bassist working in the early sixties with improvisers Derek Bailey and Tony Oxley. He prone improvisation in 1966 and worked for a time in the United States with conjuring trick henhouse, until he collaborated closely with composers such as Cornelius Cardew and John White. He taught in the department if o.k. Art in Portsmouth, Leicester from 1969 to 1978, and there he founded the legendary Portsmouth Sinfonia, an orchestra whose membership consisted of performers who embrace the full range of musical competence and who gamblinged or just attempted to play popular classical works.He similarly founded the practice of medicine Department at Leicester polytechnic (later De Montfort University) and served as professor in Music from 1986 to 1994. Meanwhile, his first major work as a composer owe much to the questionable New York School of John Cagewith whom he briefly studied, Morton Feldman, Earle Brown and minimalism. His earliest piece was The Sinking of Titanic (1969) and was in the first place released under Brian Enos Obscure tick off in 1975 and the Jesus Blood Never Failed Me Yet (1971) two famously released in new versions in the 1990s on Point Music Label, selling over a quarter of a one million million copies.The original 1970s recordings have been re-released on CD by Virgin Records. A major turning point in his development was his first pen opera Medea, premiered at the Opera de Lyon and Opera de capital of France in 1984. He has written other two operas, both with libretti by his long time collaborator Blake Morrison Doctor Oxs Experiment, and G, commissioned by the Staatstheater Mainz for the Gutenberg 600th Anniversary. off from that, Bryars has as well produced a large system of chamber music including three string quartets and a saxophone quartet both for his own ensemble and for other performers.He has also written extensively for strings as well as producing concertos for violin, viola, cello, double bass, saxophone and bass oboe. He has also written choral music, chiefly for the Latvian Radio Choir, with whom he has recently recorded a second CD, and for the Estonian manly Choir. From being a jazz bassist, composer, professor and opera writer, he also make a rea lize as he collaborated with visual artists, worked with choreographers who have used his pieces, and written numerous Laude for the soprano Ana Maria Friman, to name a few.And to date, he recently effected a bailiwick piece, To Define Happiness, with Peeter Jalakas for Von Krahl theatre in Tallinn, and a project somewhat Shakespeares sonnets, Nothing Like the Sun, with the princely Shakespeare Company and Opera North. Gavin Bryars is an Associate look for Fellow at Dartington College of Arts and trustee of the College de Pataphysique. And married to Russian-born film director Anna Tchernakova with three daughters and a son. He is currently sustentation in England and British Columbia, Canada.WORKS CITED Howse, Christopher. The boldness of Hope. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006. xix. ISBN 0-8264-8271-6 Mckeating, Scott. http//www. stylusmagazine. com/articles/seconds/gavin-bryars-jesus-blood-never-failed-me-yet. htm Grimshaw, Jeremy. any Music Guide. http//www . answers. com/topic/jesus-blood-never-failed-me-yet-orchestral-classical-work http//www. gavinbryars. com/ http//www. myspace. com/gavinbryarsmusic http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jesus%27_Blood_Never_Failed_Me_Yet